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  • 1985-1989  (13)
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two non-lymphoid cell types play an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis, i.e. the ‘classical’ macrophage and the antigen-presenting dendritic cell [33]. In the present sludy, the roles of both cell types are studied in antigen-induced arthritis of the rat knee joint. Cryostat sections of whole, unfixed, undecalcified knee joints were used for immunohistochemical staining of non-lymphoid cells and lymphocyte subsets. For the demonstration of the different types of non-lymphoid cells, monoclonal antibodies against rat macrophages (ED1. ED2, and ED3) and against Ia antigen were used with an immunoperoxidase method. The results show in an overalls view of the arthritic joint the different sites of action of the classical macrophages on the one hand and the Ia-positive dendritic cells on the other. Classical macrophages were mainly found in the superficial layers of the synovium bordering joint space and articular cartilage. Dendritic cells and T cells of the helper phenotype were mainly found in clusters surrounding small blood vessels within the synovium. These clusters express the immunological background of the antigen-induced arthritis and may well be responsible for the continuation of the arthritic process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The appearance of different macrophage subpopulations, Ia-positive antigen-presenting dendritic cells and of T and B lymphocytes was studied in early phases of antigen-induced arthritis in rat knee joints. Cryostat sections of whole knee joints were analysed with immunohistochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies against rat macrophages, Ia-antigen, and lymphocyte subpopulations. The results showed that in the early phases of the development of arthritis, the synovium was already infiltrated by many monocytes, young macrophages, granulocytes, perivascular Ia-positive non-lymphoid cells, some mature tissue macrophages, and only few T lymphocytes. In later phases not only monocytes, young macrophages and Ia-positive cells became more prominent but also the more mature ED2 positive macrophages and the ED3 positive macrophages that are normally confined to lymphoid organs became increasingly important. The T-cell population increased to some extent in later phases of arthritis induction, possibly induced by clustering with the Ia-positive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 84 (1986), S. 308-316 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies by means of quantitative histochemistry and cytochemistry have greatly contributed to the knowledge of metabolic changes in liver parenchymal cells. In the present paper recent work along this line is reviewed with emphasis on three topics, polyploidy as a source of metabolic heterogeneity, proteolysis in the regulation of hepatocyte cell mass and ischemic injury of hepatocytes. In all three fields, accuracy and precision of information obtained by quantitative histochemical means has been greatly enhanced by (1) a thorough knowledge of the mechanisms of histochemical reactions obtained by fundamental work on matrix chemistry, and (2) well-considered application of optical measuring tools and conditions of measurement. These are the principles put forward by van Duijn since the pioneer period of histochemistry and to whom this review is dedicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glycogen phosphorylase (PHO) activity was demonstrated histochemically in unfixed cryostat sections of placentae from cadmium-treated and control rats with the use of the semipermeable membrane technique. Staining of the newly synthesized glycogen was performed by lugol. A high activity was present in glycogen cells, spongiotrophoblast and visceral yolk sac from cadmium-treated and control animals. A low but distinct activity could be demonstrated in placental labyrinth from control rats in late pregnancy. Cadmium-exposed rats showed a considerably higher activity in the labyrinth during this period of pregnancy. The elevated PHO activity and concomitant higher glycogen content indicate a disturbance by exposure to cadmium of placental carbohydrate metabolism from day 18 onwards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 92 (1989), S. 349-353 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Visualization methods for the light microscopic detection of the activity of oxidases after being localized with cerium ions as reported by Angermüller and Fahimi (1988a, b) are not suitable for the demonstration of H2O2-genrating oxidases at sites with low activity. Therefore, the cerium-diaminobenzidine (DAB) visualization procedure of these authors was modified. Nickel or cobalt ions were added to the DAB solution together with small amounts of H2O2. Visualization was performed in a one-step-method. This modified visualization technique enables light micro-scopic detection of amino acid oxidase activity in kidney and liver cells where it was found with the original method but the amounts of final reaction product were considerably higher. Moreover, the DAB-nickel-H2O2 and DAB-cobalt-H2O2 procedures were more sensitive than the cerium-lead method of Angermüller and Fahimi (1988a, b). The method appeared to be specific, because final reaction product was not found after control incubation. Especially the DAB-nickel-H2O2 procedure can also be used for immunohistochemistry when glucose oxidase serves as the enzyme label.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The use of unfixed and undecalcified cryostat sections of mouse knee joints is described for the study of enzyme histochemical reactions. Non-inflamed knee joints and knee joints of mice with antigen induced arthritis have been used. Joints were embedded in gelatin and subsequently cut at low speed with a motor-driven cryostat fitted with a tungsten carbide knife at an obtuse angle (10°). The sections were attached to transparent tape to keep the integrity of the tissue intact. The following histochemical reactions were carried out succesfully: the tetrazolium salt reaction for dehydrogenase and reductase activity, the post-azocoupling method for acid phosphatase and cathepsin B activity and the simultaneous azo-coupling method for esterase activity. In all cases the morphology and integrity of the sections were well kept and serial sections were obtained without any difficulty. Nonspecific staining of the tape did not occur. The localization of the final reaction product was meeting criteria for specific and precise histochemical methods with the exception of the metal salt method because of nonspecific staining of undecalcified bone. Cytophotometry of the final reaction product appeared to be reproducible and valid as demonstrated by reaction for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in synoviocytes from knee joints with induced arthritis. End point measurements as well as kinetic measurements of the formazan production were performed and linear relationships were found between the specific formazan formation and section thickness or incubation time, respectively. It is concluded that cryostat sections attached to transparent tape are an excellent tool for the study of the metabolism in tissues adjacent to bone matrix. Changes of enzyme activities in synoviocytes, chondrocytes and osteoclasts during induced arthritis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytochemical methods for the demonstration of enzyme activities in blood and bone marrow cells were systematically improved by the addition of an inert polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), to the incubation medium and by using optimized reaction media. The methods investigated were tetrazolium salt methods for lactate, glucose-6-phosphate, succinate and glutamate dehydrogenase, the indoxyl-tetrazolium salt method for alkaline phosphatase, the diaminobenzidine method for peroxidase, and diazonium salt methods for chloroacetate esterase, β-glucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, and dipeptidylpeptidase II and IV. PVA in the media preserved the morphology of cells very well and prevented leakage of large molecules such as enzymes from the cells. Therefore, fixation or long periods of air-drying prior to incubation leading to substantial loss of enzyme activity could be avoided. A brief period of drying (2 min at 37° C) of the cell preparations just before the incubation was sufficient for making the cells permeable. Localization of enzyme activities was very precise and precipitation of the final reaction product was confined to sites which are known to contain the enzyme under study (granules, mitochondria, lysosomes). These advantages advocate the use of PVA in haematological enzyme cytochemistry and especially for diagnosis of leukemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 87 (1987), S. 439-443 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The diurnal variation of 5′-nucleotidase activity in periportal and pericentral areas of rat liver parenchyma has been determined with quantitative histochemical means. 5′-Nucleotidase activity was estimated using microdensitometry in cryostat sections after being incubated with a medium according to Wachstein and Meisel (1957). It appeared that 5′-nucleotidase activity was significantly higher in pericentral areas than in periportal areas throughout the daily cycle and showed a maximum at the end of the light period. It was concluded that 5′-nucleotidase activity may be related with the capacity to diminish messenger RNA resulting in protein breakdown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 21 (1989), S. 373-379 
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simple and reproducible method was used for the cytophotometric assay of alkaline phosphatase activity by end point measurements after incubation at 70°C. Alkaline phosphatase was incorporated in polyacrylamide gel model films and its activity was demonstrated with a simultaneous coupling method. The initial reaction rate was 4.7 times faster than at 37°C. At 37°C, linear reaction rates were obtained up to 90 min incubation. Deviation from linearity occurred only when the amount of final reaction product precipitated inside the films was too high to be measured cytophotometrically. In that case, levelling off of the reaction rate was due to the out-of-range error of the cytophotometer. At 70°C, reaction rates were distinctly non-linear from the onset of incubation. This was due to heat inactivation of the enzyme molecules. A plateau level was reached after approximately 60 min incubation, irrespective of the amount of enzyme incorporated, indicating that all enzyme molecules had become inactivated after this incubation period. The inactivation process followed first-order kinetics. The plateau value as well as the slope of the initial reaction were found to be linearly related to the amount of enzyme incorporated. Therefore, plateau absorbance values can be used as a relative measure of enzyme activity instead of initial reaction rates. This type of measurement could be valuable for routine applications of enzyme cytochemistry in diagnostic pathology, or when cytochemical reaction products are used as markers in immunocytochemistry or hybridocytochemistry. Precise control of incubation time is not necessary once the plateau value has been reached and preparations can be mounted and measured later.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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