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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 3 (1988), S. 215-218 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relative risk of developing colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy was assessed retrospectively in 493 patients with colorectal cancer (239 women, 254 men). The results were compared with a control group of patients matched for sex and age. The overall relative risk was 0.7 (90% confidence interval, 0.7–0.8). However, when the data were analysed for site significant differences were seen. In the caecum and ascending colon the relative risk of developing colorectal cancer after cholecystectomy was 2.8 (90% confidence interval, 1.0–9.4). In the rectum the relative risk was only 0.3 (90% confidence interval, 0.2–0.6) in both sexes. The results suggest a relative increased risk of developing right-sided colon cancer after cholecystectomy in women. However, they only partially support the hypothesis that prior cholecystectomy increases the relative risk of developing colorectal cancer in view of the data relating to the the rectum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.Np
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report a preliminary measurement of coincident neutron-proton pairs emitted at 45° in the interaction of 400, 530, and 650 MeV/A neon beams incident on uranium. Charged particles were identified by time of flight and momentum, as determined in a magnetic spectrometer. Neutral particles were detected using a thick plastic scintillator, and their time of flight was measured between an entrance scintillator, triggered by a charged particle, and the neutron detector. The scatter plots and contour plots of neutron momentum vs. proton momentum appear to show a slight correlation ridge above an uncorrelated background. The projections of this plane on then-p momentum difference axis are essentially flat, showing a one standard deviation enhancement for each of the three beams energies. At each beam energy, the calculated momentum correlation function for the neutron-proton pairs is enhanced near zero neutron-proton momentum difference by approximately one standard deviation over the expected value for no correlation. This enhancement is expected to occur as a consequence of the attractive final state interaction between the neutron and proton (i.e., virtual or “singlet” deuterons). The implications of these measurements are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 15 (1986), S. 663-673 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Conductivities ; Ion association ; 1∶1 electrolytes ; acetone ; dimethylsulfite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrolytic conductances of LiClO4, LiAsF6, NaClO4 and the n-butylammonium salts Bu4NCl, Bu4NClO4, and Bu4NBPh4 (tetraphenylborate) have been determined in dimethylsufite at 25°C. Ion association constants calculated from these data are interpreted in terms of solvent-separated ion pairs (for LiClO4, LiAsF6, and NaClO4), and contact ion pairs (for the n-butyl-ammonium salts). Comparisons are made for analogous electrolytes in acetone, and in which all salts form contact ion pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 16 (1987), S. 225-235 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Conductivities ; 1:1 electrolytes ; methyl formate ; ion pairs ; triple ions ; ion solvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrolytic conductivities of LiClO4, LiAlCl4, LiAsF6, NaClO4, NaBPh4, and Bu4NClO4 have been measured in methyl formate at 25°C. Evidence is presented for strong association between the perchlorate ion and the formyl proton of the solvent. Ion association and triple ion formation constants suggest that LiClO4, LiAlCl4, and NaClO4 form solvent separate ion pairs and triple ions. NaBPh4 forms contact ion pairs and triple ions, and the remaining salts appear to form both types of ion pairs and triple ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 18 (1989), S. 977-991 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Conductivity ; 1∶1 electrolytes ; methyl acetate ; ion pairs ; triple ions ; ion solvation ; activity coefficients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrolytic conductances of NaClO4, NaB(C6H5)4, (n-C4H9)4NClO4 and (n-C4H9)4NPF6 have been measured in methyl acetate at 25°C. A dominating feature of these electrolyte solutions is, as expected, strong ion pairing. In addition it is found that the formation of triple ions makes an important contribution to the overall molar conductivities. The data suggest that there are strong ion-solvent interactions leading to structure-enhanced (after Diamond) ion association and triple ion formation which has an exact analogy in the phenomena of salting-in. The effects of increasing solution permittivity and viscosity are discussed, particularly in regard to comparing two models of treating conductivity data. The first model includes ion pairs and triple ions, and the second model ignores triple ion formation ascribing the anomalous increase in molar conductivities to a decrease in the ion association equilibrium constant caused by increasing solution permittivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 14 (1985), S. 473-484 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Lanthanide nitrates ; hydrates ; solubilities ; activities ; solvation energies ; phase transitions ; congruent melting points ; specific solvation ; metastable equilibria ; tetrad effect ; double-double effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The thermodynamic properties of saturated aqueous lanthanide nitrate solutions were determined using recently published critically evaluated solubility and activity data. The variation of the thermodynamic functions and congruent melting points as a function of atomic number are interpreted in terms of changes in inner sphere coordination number in both the solid hexahydrates and in the aquo ions, and in terms of the double-double effect. Inconsistencies in experimental solubility data are generally caused by uncertainties in solid phase composition which is shown to be due to the very small Gibbs energies accompanying transitions from stable to metastable systems differing in the number of hydrating water molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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