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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: arotinolol ; timolol ; intraocular pressure ; systemic absorption ; haemodynamics ; ophthalmic administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and haemodynamics of two β-blockers, arotinolol and timolol, administered topically to the eye, were studied in 6 healthy volunteers in a cross-over trial. 0.5% timolol or 0.5% arotinolol ophthalmic solutions drop was instilled in both eyes of the volunteers at an interval of 48 hours. Timolol lowered IOP by about 31.9% 1 hour after administration and the effect continued until 3 h, whilst arotinolol lowered it significantly 2 h after instillation and the same maximum effect as that of timolol was obtained after 3 h. Arotinolol was detected in blood in all subjects and timolol in blood in one subject, although it was found in all subjects in urine. Both drugs lowered heart rate at rest and attenuated the increase in the double product (products of blood pressure and heart rate) at exercise. The effect of timolol on the double products was larger. Thus, arotinolol and timolol decreased IOP to similar extent, although the maximal effect of arotinolol was delayed. Arotinolol as well as timolol affected haemodynamics through absorption into circulation, but the former had less effect on haemodynamics during exercise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 34 (1988), S. 213-216 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carnitine ; i. v. infusion ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and safety of a brief i. v. infusion of l-carnitine 0, 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg have been investigated in 10 healthy subjects. The diurnal intraindividual variability of plasma carnitine was small (C. V.=3.0, 3.9 and 3.9%, respectively), and the total 24 h excretion in urine was also small and relatively constant: 4.6, 21.5 and 13.0 mg/day in the controls vs 4.6, 20.2 and 6.0 mg/day during treatment in the three subjects to whom saline alone was administered according to a single-blind design. Therefore, the pre-dose level of carnitine was subtracted from the level after dosing for the pharmacokinetic analysis. Plasma carnitine fitted well to a three-compartment open model, with Vc of 0.11–0.20 l/kg and a t1/2γ of 10–23 h. The urine recovery in 24 h was 77.2–95.4%. There were no objective or subjective side-effects attributable to carnitine, so its i. v. infusion is considered to be safe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 37 (1989), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: haloperidol ; hair ; dosage monitoring ; nails
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hair samples and morning pre-dose plasma were collected from 40 patients who had received fixed daily doses of haloperidol for more than four months and whose compliance was good. After washing, 1 to 2 cm-long portions nearest to the roots of 2 to 3 strands of hair were completely dissolved in 2.5N NaOH. Haloperidol in that sample or alkalinised plasma was extracted and measured by RIA. Haloperidol concentrations in hair correlated well both with the trough concentration in plasma at steady-state (r=0.772,n=39) and with the daily dose (r=0.555,n=40). Another keratinized tissue, nail, was also collected from 20 of the 40 patients and the haloperidol level was compared with that in hair. The former was only about 4.3% of the latter and was significantly correlated only with the daily dose (r=0.525,n=20). Hair from 10 other patients in whom the dosage of haloperidol had been changed within a few months prior to sampling the hair was cut into 0.5 or 1 cm-long portions from the roots and the drug concentration in each portion was measured. If hairs were assumed to grow at 1 cm/month, a history of individual dosage could be deduced in 9 of the 10 patients from the distribution of drug level along the length of the hair. The results suggest that human scalp hair could serve as a useful tool for monitoring individual dosage history over several months, or in demonstrating exposure or non-exposure of a patient to a drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 30 (1986), S. 309-312 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; asthma ; absorption ; elimination ; pharmacokinetics ; circadian changes ; bronchial obstruction ; slow release preparation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Circadian variation in the serum concentration of theophylline has been reported in most patients receiving slow release oral preparations. To examine further the mechanism and clinical relevance of this change, an investigation has been made into the diurnal fluctuation in elimination kinetics during i.v. administration of theophylline and its serum concentration profile on oral treatment with a slow release preparation, in 8 hospitalized patients receiving it for bronchial obstruction. After reaching steady-state on a constant intravenous infusion, the total body clearance of theophylline (CL) was determined every 4–6 h from the steady-state concentration and the infusion rate. No systematic trend indicative of circadian changes in elimination kinetics was observed. The intraindividual fluctuation in CL during the observation period was small (coefficient of variation 4–11%). In contrast, on oral dosing a smaller area under the serum concentration-time curve was found during the night time (22.00–06.00). The results show that the circadian variation described in serum theophylline concentrations is due to delayed absorption at night. The elimination kinetics of theopyhlline do not change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 33 (1987), S. 35-41 
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Металлический палладий, нанесенный на смолу, был приготовлен из [Pd(NH3)4]-формы сульфосмолы обработкой H2. Адсорбция CO и равновесная реакция H2-D2 были значительно промотированы обработкой при температуре выше 373 К, когда Pd(II) восстанавливается до Pd(0), как об этом свидетельствуют РФЭС исследования. Скорость реакции имеет порядок 2, 5 по отношению к металлическим центрам.
    Notes: Abstract Resin supported palladium metal was prepared from [Pd(NH3)4]-form sulfonic resin by treatment: with H2. The CO adsorption and H2-D2 equilibration reaction were greatly promoted by treatment above 373 K where Pd(II) was reduced to Pd(O) as indicated by XPS study. The reaction rate is of the 2.5th order with respect to the metal sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reaction kinetics and catalysis letters 37 (1988), S. 423-430 
    ISSN: 1588-2837
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Каталитические свойства катионов металлов на сульфоновых смолах исследовали в гидролизе эфиров. Каталитическую активность связывали с электроотрицательностью катиона металла. Полученная энергия активации почти одинакова с энергией активации Н-формы смолы и не зависит от концентрации катиона. Это приводит к тому заключению, что в катализе изменяются энтропийные факторы.
    Notes: Abstract Catalytic properties of metal cations on sulfonic resin have been studied in ester hydrolysis. The catalytic activities were related to the electronegativity of the metal cation, while the activation energies were close to that for H-form resin and not affected by the cation concentration, suggesting the variation of entropy factors in catalysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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