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  • 1980-1984  (6)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 18 (1980), S. 247-261 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Kinetik heterogener Reaktionen mit einem Reaktionspartner in der Festphase folgt gewöhnlich dem Gesetzα=K ∞ exp (−E/kT)f/1−α), wobei α der Konversionsgrad des Festkörpers sowieK ∞ undE die kinetischen Konstanten sind. Eine kritische Untersuchung der verschiedenen, laufend zur Analyse dynamischer Versuchsangaben angewandten Methoden wird gegeben. Die Grenzen dieser Methoden und ihre Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber der Formelf/1−α) werden aufgezeigt. Eine alternative Näherung, welche frei von diesen Beschränkungen ist, wird gegeben. Bei dieser wirdf(1−α) aus isothermen Versuchen berechnet und nachfolgend die dynamischen Angaben genau analysiert, um die kinetischen Konstanten zu erhalten. Eine Fallstudie wird zur Erläuterung der Anwendbarkeit der Näherung gegeben.
    Kurzfassung: Резюме Кинетика гетерогенн ых реакций, включающи х один реагент в твердо й фазе, обычно подчиняется у равнениюа=К∞ ехр (−E/kT)f(1−а), гдеа — степень превра щения твердого тела, а К∞ иE — кинетические конст анты. Представлено критич еское исследование различных методов, об ычно используемых дл я анализа динамических экспер иментальных данных. Отмечены огра ничения этих методов и их нечувствительность в отношение выраженияf(1−α). Предло жено альтернативное приближение, которое свободно от этих ограничений. В предло женном приближении ч ленf(1−а) определяется из изот ермических экспериментов, a затем динамические данные точно анализируются для по лучения значений кинетических конста нт. Представлен приме р исследования с целью разъяснения примени мости этого приближения.
    Notizen: Abstract The kinetics of heterogeneous reactions, involving one reactant in the solid phase, usually follow the lawα=K ∞ exp(−E/kT)f(1−α), where α is the degree of conversion of the solid, andK ∞ andE are the kinetic constants. A critical examination is given of the various methods which are currently used to analyse dynamic experimental data. The limitations of these methods and their insensitivity to the form off(1-α) are pointed out. An alternative approach free from these limitations is suggested. In this,f(1−α) is determined from isothermal experiments, and then the dynamic data are accurately analyzed to obtain the values of the kinetic constants. A case study is given to elucidate the applicability of the approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 2457-2466 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Unfocused low energy Q-switched and non-Q-switched ruby laser irradiation of individual single crystals ofβ-lead azide of size 40μm×200μm×10mm has been studied using high-speed photography. It was found that the initiation of fast reaction occurs at isolated sites which are probably defects and act as absorption centres in the dielectric which is otherwise transparent to the ruby wavelength of 694.3 nm. It has also been shown that it is the power and not the energy of the incident beam that controls the initiation under these low energy irradiation conditions. Finally, the variation of the time delay to initiation with the incident laser energy suggests a thermal mechanism of initiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 17 (1982), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract An experimental study has been made of the electrical degradation of monocrystalline and sintered samples of Na+ β-alumina with blocking electrodes. When the applied voltage exceeds the critical value of about 800 V for single crystals or 270 V for polycrystals, sparks are observed at the anode after about one minute. Examination of the surface before the sparking indicates there is formation of sodium globules near the cathode. It is suggested that this decomposition is due to the combination of mobile Na+ with trapped electrons which have been injected by the high field at the polarized cathode. A “memory effect” is found in the time dependence of the critical voltage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 345-352 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Single-impact damage of fused silica by spherical and conical tungsten carbide (WC) projectiles of velocities up to 200 m sec−1 has been investigated with a high-speed framing camera photographing at a rate of up to 1.7×106 frames per second. For spherical particles the Hertzian cone cracks, which for higher impact velocities are accompanied by median and radial cracks, form during the loading part of the impact; some growth of all these cracks also occurs during unloading. With the conical particles the Hertzian cone cracks do not form; only radial and median cracks form during the loading; in this case both radial and median cracks grow during the unloading. In both cases “lateral” cracks form during unloading. From these experiments values of the static equivalent of the dynamic stress-intensity factor for high-velocity cracks are also obtained; these are found to be considerably lower than those obtained from quasi-static indentation experiments. Finally, the extent of the damage produced by a single impact has been discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 345-352 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Single-impact damage of fused silica by spherical and conical tungsten carbide (WC) projectiles of velocities up to 200 m sec−1 has been investigated with a high-speed framing camera photographing at a rate of up to 1.7×106 frames per second. For spherical particles the Hertzian cone cracks, which for higher impact velocities are accompanied by median and radial cracks, form during the loading part of the impact; some growth of all these cracks also occurs during unloading. With the conical particles the Hertzian cone cracks do not form; only radial and median cracks form during the loading; in this case both radial and median cracks grow during the unloading. In both cases “lateral” cracks form during unloading. From these experiments values of the static equivalent of the dynamic stress-intensity factor for high-velocity cracks are also obtained; these are found to be considerably lower than those obtained from quasi-static indentation experiments. Finally, the extent of the damage produced by a single impact has been discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 15 (1980), S. 1189-1193 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Cathodoluminescence (CL) studies in a scanning electron microscope of the static and dynamic contact damage in MgO and LiF crystals are described. The main luminescence for both MgO and LiF was found to be associated with the plastically deformed zone at and around the contact site, although there were differences of details in the CL behaviour of the two materials. It was also found that in MgO the intensity of luminescence from screw dislocations was markedly higher than that from the edge dislocations for all possible orientations of the specimen. It is proposed that this simple and rapid technique can be used for assessing the mechanical state of a surface.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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