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  • 1980-1984  (5)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neural reorganization during metamorphosis of the corpora pedunculata in Drosophila melanogaster (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 295 (1982), S. 405-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] As in most arthropods, the mushroom bodies of Drosophila are two conspicuous substructures of the median protocerebrum arranged in mirror symmetry to the saggital midplane. The numerous, relatively small cell bodies of their intrinsic neurones (Kenyon cells) are situated in the posterior dorsal ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/295405a0
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The three-dimensional optomotor torque system ofDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 145 (1982), S. 321-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The well known optomotor yaw torque response in flies is part of a 3-dimensional system. Optomotor responses around the longitudinal and transversal body axes (roll and pitch) with strinkingly similar properties to the optomotor yaw response are described here forDrosophila melanogaster. Stimulated by visual motion from a striped drum rotating around an axis aligned with the measuring axis, a fly responds with torque of the same polarity as that of the rotation of the pattern. In this stimulus situation the optomotor responses for yaw, pitch and roll torque have about the same amplitudes and dynamic properties (Fig. 2). Pronounced negative responses are measured with periodic gratings of low pattern wavelengths due to geometrical interference (Fig. 3). The responses depend upon the contrast frequency rather than the angular velocity of the pattern (Fig. 4). Like the optomotor yaw response, roll and pitch responses can be elicited by small field motion in most parts of the visual field; only for motion below and behind the fly roll and pitch responses have low sensitivity. The mutantoptomotor-blind H31 (omb H31) in which the giant neurones of the lobula plate are missing or severely reduced, is impaired in all 3 optomotor torque responses (Fig. 5) whereas other visual responses like the optomotor lift/thrust response and the landing response (elicited by horizontal front-to-back motion) are not affected (Heisenberg et al. 1978). We propose that the lobula plate giant neurons mediate optomotor torque responses and that the VS-cells in particular are involved in roll and pitch but not in lift/thrust control. This hypothesis accommodates various electrophysiological and anatomical observations about these neurons in large flies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619336
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Osmotropotaxis inDrosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 147 (1982), S. 479-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Drosophila melanogaster is able to perform osmotropotaxis under open-loop conditions. With an ‘optimal’ stimulus the average turning tendency to the side of higher concentration corresponds to a circular track with radiusr=0.8 cm. The response amplitude does not decrease within 1 or 2 h. Unilaterally antennectomized flies in an homogeneous odor field show a permanent turning tendency towards their intact side. The smallest concentration ratio to elicit osmotropotaxis in normal flies ranges between 6∶10 and 9∶10 at high and between 2∶10 and 5∶10 at an about 50 times lower odor intensity. No negative tropotaxis (i.e. turning to the side of lower concentration) is observed, even with strong repellents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612013
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polarization sensitivity of course control inDrosophila melanogaster (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 139 (1980), S. 177-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary InDrosophila polarization sensitivity as revealed in optomotor experiments is mediated by retinula cells R1–6. In the optomotor turning response of the walking fly the response amplitude is a sinusoidal function of E-vector orientation of the stimulus light. For the effect to occur the area of the visual field in which moving vertical stripes are presented must be embedded in an illuminated surround which covers a large part of the visual field. The phase and amplitude of this sinus function do not reflect directly the polarization sensitivity of the photoreceptors mediating it since a) the amplitude is much larger than could be expected from the measured properties of fly retinula cells, b) the effect can be elicited in parts of the visual field viewed by photoreceptors of which half are oriented in mirror symmetry to the other half (equator, frontal area), c) presentation of the stimulus to either eye (at the same height) does not lead to a phase shift in the sinus functions. (A phase shift of 90 ° would be expected in our experiments if the response reflected the fly's bilateral symmetry.) The data suggest that the fly has an “inner” representation of E-vector orientation. In a closed loop situation in which the fly is illuminated from above by linearly polarized light and is allowed to turn the orientation of the E-vector plane relative to its body axis by its yaw torque it can maintain its optomotor balance (i.e. it can fly straight). Often flies keep their longitudinal body axis roughly parallel or perpendicular to the E-vector plane during the whole experiment (4 min). Flies perform discrete 360 °-loops although the rotating polarizing filter has a 180 ° period. Viewed in the context of the first experiment this observation suggests that the fly, like the bee, evaluates the polarization pattern as a whole and designs its loons accordingly. At least on clear daysDrosophila can make use of the polarization pattern of the free sky in flight orientation. Polarization sensitivity is not restricted to the upper part of the eye: Also with the lower part the fly can use a polarization pattern for course control.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00657080
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Initiale Aktivität und Willkürverhalten bei Tieren (1983)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 70 (1983), S. 70-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Initiation as a basic property of behavioral activity is functionally analyzed and discussed at the level of voluntary behavior. Fixed action patterns often are not released by stimuli but are generated by the animal itself through brain processes of the Darwinian type. Analogous to mutations, behavioral “subroutines” are brought up by chance and are subjected to selection either by the change in the situation (trial and the elimination of error) or by mental activity suppressing inappropriate behavior even before it is executed.Initiation improves the chance of survival. It is a prerequisite of goal-oriented behavior, an essential constituent of operant conditioning and presumably the first step in the evolution of thought. According to I. Kant a person is free if, by following his own directive, he does what has to be done. This definition meets the two central criteria of initiation: the independence of releasing stimuli and the adaptive value of the behavior generated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365500
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