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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antihypertensive effect of E-643, a new alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 20 (1981), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: alpha-adrenergic blocker ; hypertension ; blood pressure ; pulse rate ; noradrenaline ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone ; dopamine-beta-hydroxylase ; E-643
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine whether E-643, a new α-blocking agent, would reduce the blood pressure, regardless of the posture, a 1 mg dose was given 3 times daily for 7 consecutive days, to 8 male and 7 female inpatients, aged 37–73 years, with essential hypertension. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured daily in the supine, sitting and standing positions. Before and after the treatment with E-643, plasma levels of noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, renin and aldosterone were determined, samples being obtained with the subjects recumbent and after standing upright for 60 min. A significant reduction in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures was evident in the supine (172±31/100±12 → 151±28/89±14 mmHg), sitting (158±22/101±11 → 138±28/89±15 mmHg) and standing (153±32/103±21 → 129±31/89±20 mmHg) positions. The reduction in blood pressure remained unchanged throughout the period of administration of E-643. Pulse rate was not affected when the subjects were supine (67±10 → 69±10 beats/min), but was increased in the sitting (68±10 → 73±9 beats/min) and standing (73±10 → 81±11 beats/min) positions. The increased pulse rate tended to decline during continued administration of E-643. Treatment with E-643 produced no significant change in plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, renin and aldosterone. The antihypertensive effect of treatment was more prominent in the patients with higher levels of plasma catecholamines and dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and was less prominent in those with higher plasma renin and aldosterone. Two patients had temporary bouts of dizziness and visual disturbances, but there were no subjective complaints during treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542090
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium transport mechanism in crayfish gastrolith epithelium correlated with the molting cycle (1984)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 80 (1984), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Periodical changes in Ca2+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activity were observed cytochemically in the crayfish gastrolith epithelium during the molting cycle in relation to the calcium transport mechanism. The ATPase activity was demonstrated by a new one-step lead citrate method. The reaction products were mainly restricted to the matrix of type II cell mitochondria. The Ca2+-ATPase activity was intensely observed in two calcium moving stages, the small gastrolith period which indicates the beginning of gastrolith formation, and the aftermolt, when the calcified gastrolith has been dissolved in the stomach and then reabsorbed from the stomach epithelium into the newly formed soft exoskeleton through the blood. Although the intensity of reaction products of Mg2+-ATPase varied in each stage, the enzymatic activity was observed throughout all molting stages. Reaction products were observed in all mitochondria, basement membranes, apical cytoplasmic membranes, and in some lysosomes. In conclusion, periodical changes in the two types of ATPase activity were seen in the mitochondria of gastrolith epithelium during the molting cycle, but Ca2+-ATPase activity seemed to be more prominently synchronized to the calcium movement in the gastrolith epithelium than Mg2+-ATPase activity. These results provide the strong evidence that Ca2+-ATPase may act strongly in the calcium transport system of crayfish molting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00495768
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of polyethylene glycol-n-dodecyl-ether-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate as additive on stability of emulsion (1980)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 258 (1980), S. 864-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Esterderivate (PCA-nED) von Dodecylalkohol, Äthylenglykoldodecyläther und Diäthylenglykoldodecyläther mit DL-2-Pyrrolidon-5-carbonsäure wurden hergestellt; ihre Eigenschaften als Emulsion sstabilisatoren wurden unter Verwendung eines Oberflächenspannungsmeßgerätes und der mehrfachen Tropfenmethode in Gegenwart von SDS bestimmt und mit denen einer Serie der entsprechenden Polyäthylenglykoldodecyläther (nED) als Stabilisatoren verglichen. PCA-nED-Systeme vermindern im Vergleich zumnED-System die Grenzflächenspannung beachtlich; die Grenzflächenspannung fällt für die PCA-nED- undnED-Systeme bei Anstieg der Äthylenoxid-Kettenlänge ab. Die Stabilität der Öltropfen steigt durch den Zusatz von PCA-nED im Vergleich zumnED-System ungewöhnlich an und nimmt mit der Äthylenoxid-Kettenlänge zu. Mehrere PCA-nED-Proben können als Emulsionsstabilisatoren verwendet werden.
    Notes: Summary Ester derivatives (PCA-nED) of dodecyl alcohol, ethyleneglycol dodecyl ether, and diethyleneglycol dodecyl ether with DL-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid were prepared, and their properties as emulsion stabilizer were estimated by using a surface-tension meter and multiple drop method in the presence of SDS and compared to those of a series of the corresponding polyethyleneglycol dodecyl ether (nED) as stabilizers. PCA-nED system remarkably reduced the interfacial tension compared tonED system, and the interfacial tension for both PCA-nED andnED systems decreased with the increase of ethylene oxide chain length. The stability of oil drop remarkably increased by addition of PCA-nED compared tonED system, and increased with the increase of ethylene oxide chain length. A series of PCA-nED was found to be utilized as emulsion stabilizers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01566242
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of alkyl chain length on surface and micellar properties of octaethyleneglycol-n alkyl ethers (1981)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 259 (1981), S. 761-766 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Nonionic surfactants with even and odd carton atoms ; contribution of two moieties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Summary Surface and micellar properties of a homologous series of Octaethylene glycol-n-alkyl ethers (C n E8;n = 9 to 15) have been studied in aqueous solutions by the surface tension measurements. The effects of the alkyl chain length comprising even and carbon numbers have been examined in order to evaluate the surface free energy ΔG A-W and the standard free energy ΔG m for the micellization obtained from their surface tension data. The areas per molecule and the equilibrium surface tension values at the CMC decreased with an increasing carbon number and they showed zigzag curves by the difference in even and odd carbon numbers. These findings may be attributed to the differences in the molecular orientation between the molecules with even carbon number and ones with odd carbon number on the air-water interface at CMC. ΔG A-W values decreased linearly with an increasing alkyl chain length but did not show a zigzag line by the differences in even and odd carbon numbers. This suggests that the molecular orientation is not influenced by the difference between their even and odd carbon numbers in the alkyl chain on the surface of the very diluted solution, and their molecules form some stable adsorbed films with an increase of the alkyl chain length. A division of ΔG A-W into the contribution made both by the hydrophilic group ΔG A-W (-W) and by the hydrophobic group ΔG A-W (-CH2-) was attempted as follows; ΔG A-W (-CH2-) = − 0.80 kcal/mol and ΔG a-W (-W) = + 0.15 kcal/mol. The free energy changes ΔG m of micellization were discussed on the basis of the CMC data obtained from the surface tension measurements by treating the formation of micelles as analogous to phase separation, and the contribution from the each moieties in the molecule were calculated as follows; ΔG m (-CH2-) = − 0.68 kcal/mol and ΔG m (-W) = + 1.54 kcal/mol. The difference between ΔG A-W and ΔG m is discussed using their data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01419322
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