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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study on human pharmacokinetics of activated ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide by a modified fluorometric test (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 100 (1981), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Ifosfamide ; Cyclophosphamide ; Human pharmacokinetics of activated metabolites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activated metabolites of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide (4-hydroxy-ifosfamide and 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide) were analysed fluorometrically by condensation of liberated acrolein with m-aminophenol yielding 7-hydroxychinolin. Interfering fluorescence of blood and urine was eliminated by extraction with dichlormethane and determination of blanks in which the liberated acrolein reacted with hydrazine to non-fluorescent pyrazoline. The modified test proved effective in identifying low levels of activated metabolites in man. After i.v. injection of 20 mg/kg cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide peak levels of activated cyclophosphamide (4.7 nmol/ml) and the area under the curve (c·t=16.7 nmol·ml/h) showed mean values three times higher than those found for activated ifosfamide. One per cent of the applied dosis of cyclophosphamide vs. 0.3% of ifosfamide was excreted as activated metabolites. Due to the high stability of activated cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in urine a low liberation rate of acrolein was found, the concentration of which in urine was below 0.5 nmol/ml. Acrolein, which was directly liberated from activated cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide, does not seem to play an important role in the urotoxicity of these cytostatics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00405906
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of foraging byMonochamus titillator [Col.: Cerambycidae] on within-tree populations ofDendroctonus frontalis [Col.: Scolytidae] (1980)
    Springer
    BioControl 25 (1980), S. 155-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L’impact de l’activité deMonochamus titillator (Fab.) sur les populations à l’intérieur de l’arbre deDendroctonus frontalis Zimm. est décrit. Le total des évaluations de population deD. frontalis dans des zones à l’intérieur du tronc attaquées parM. titillator a été soumis à l’ordinateur pour 89 pins,Pinus taeda L., échantillonnés pendant 3 ans. Les histogrammes de fréquence ont été établis pour la surface de l’habitat infesté, la surface explorée parM. titillator et pour les populations deD. frontalis présentes dans l’arbre. A partir de ces données on a calculé la part de surface utilisée parM. titillator, la mortalité deD. frontalis extrapolée pour l’arbre entier et la mortalité se produisant dans la surface exploitée. Les histogrammes traduisant les variations de ces composantes ont été dressés en ayant recours à des modèles mathématiques non linéaires. Environ 20% de la surface infestée a été exploitée parM. titillator; la mortalité du scolyte fut d’environ 14% dans l’arbre et de 70% dans la zone attaquée parM. titillator. Ces évaluations sont très variables d’un arbre à l’autre et on a mis au point un procédé pour prévoir la probabilité d’un taux donné d’activité alimentaire du cerambycide et de mortalité du scolyte. Les causes de cette variabilité ont été étudiées. La variation suivant les années et les saisons suit les mêmes tendances à savoir l’augmentation à la fois de l’activité alimentaire et de la mortalité de la base au sommet du pin attaqué. La variation selon les classes de taille des arbres est hautement significative: les arbres les plus gros présentent une exploitation et une mortalité beaucoup plus importantes que les arbres plus petits. La mortalité du scolyte dans la zone attaquée par le cerambycide est également plus élevée aux extrémités du pin infesté.
    Notes: Abstract The impact of foraging byMonochamus titillator (Fab.) on within-tree populations ofDendroctonus frontalis Zimm. was described. Total population estimates forD. frontalis and inner bark area foraged byM. titillator were computed for 89 loblolly pine,Pinus taeda L., sampled over a 3 year period. Frequency histograms were prepared for the surface area of habitat infested, area foraged byM. titillator, and within-tree populations ofD. frontalis. These data were used to calculate the proportion of area foraged byM. titillator, the proportionalD. frontalis mortality for the entire tree, and the proportional mortality occurring in the foraged area. Histograms showing the variation of these components were prepared and described using nonlinear mathematical models. Ca. 20% of the infested surface area was foraged byM. titillator. Mortality toD. frontalis on a per tree basis was ca. 14%. Mortality in the area foraged byM. titillator was ca. 70%. These estimates were highly variable between individual trees and a procedure for predicting the probability of a given level of foraging and mortality was described. Sources of variation influencing foraging byM. titillator and mortality toD. frontalis were investigated. Variation between years and season followed similar trends with both foraging and mortality increasing from the base to the top of the infested bole. Variation between tree size-class was highly significant. Larger size-class trees had substantially greater foraging and mortality than did the smaller size-classes. Mortality within the foraged area was also found to be greater at the extremes of the infested bole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374317
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the L 1 convergence of kernel estimators of regression functions with applications in discrimination (1980)
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 51 (1980), S. 15-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary An estimate m n of a regression function m(x)=E{Y|X=x} is weakly (strongly) consistent in L 1 if ∝¦m n (x)-m(x)¦μ(dx) converges to 0 in probability (w.p. 1) as the sample size grows large (μ is the probability measure of X). We show that the well-known kernel estimate (Nadaraya, Watson) and several recursive modifications of it are weakly (strongly) consistent in L 1 under no conditions on (X, Y) other than the boundedness of Y and the absolute continuity of μ. No continuity restrictions are put on the density corresponding to μ. We further notice that several kernel-type discrimination rules are weakly (strongly) Bayes risk consistent whenever X has a density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00533813
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mortality factors of satin moth,Leucoma salicis [Lep.: Lymantriidae], in aspen forests in Maine (1980)
    Springer
    BioControl 25 (1980), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les agents de mortalité naturelle du Bombyx du saule,Leucoma salicis (L.) ont été étudiés dans deux peuplements dePopulus grandidentata Michaux. La plus forte mortalité est intervenue chez les larves hivernantes. Elle a été provoquée par 2 champignons,Paecilomyces sp. etHirsutella gigantea Petch., un facteur paraissant être un agent pathogène d'après les symptômes, le parasiteEupteromalis hemipterus (Walker) et des causes inconnues. La mortalité parPaecilomyces etE. hemipterus fut diminuée dans les sites d'hibernation recouvert d'une toile d'emballage. Les parasites issus des larves et des chrysalides furent: les braconidesApanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) etMeteorus versicolor (Wesmeal), l'ichneumonideCoccygomimus pedalis (Cresson), les tachinairesCompsilura concinnata (Meigen),Carcelia laxifrons Villeneuve,Tachinomyia variata Curran, et les sarcophagidesSarcophaga aldrichi Parker etAgria housei Shewell. les prédateurs des larves et des chrysalides comprenaient le carabiqueCalosoma frigidum Kirby, des pentatomides et des oiseaux notamment le coucou,Coccyzus erythrophthaimus (Wilson). Les œufs furent parasités par le scelionideTelenomus probablementcalifornicus Ashmead et le trichogranneTrichogramma minutum (Riley). Parmi les prédateurs des papillons il y avait la grive,Hylocichla guttata (Pallas) et des pentatomides.
    Notes: Abstract Natural control agents of the satin moth,Leucoma salicis (L.) were examined in 2Populus grandidentata Michaux stands. Highest mortality occurred in overwintering larvae, with the causal agents 2 fungi,Paecilomyces sp. andHirsutella gigantea Petch, a factor causing death symptomatic of a pathogen, the parasiteEupteromalis hemipterus (Walker) and death from unknown causes. Mortality fromPaecilomyces sp. andE. hemipterus was reduced where overwintering sites were covered with burlap cloth. Parasites recovered from larvae and pupae included the braconidsApanteles melanoscelus (Ratzeburg) andMeteorus versicolor (Wesmeal), the ichneumonidCoccygomimus pedalis (Cresson), the tachinidsCompsilura concinnata (Meigen),Carcelia laxifrons Villeneuve,Tachinomyia variata Curran, and the sarcophagidsSarcophaga aldrichi Parker andAgria housei Shewell. Larval and pupal predators included the carabidCalosoma frigidum Kirby, pentatomids, and birds, particularly black-billed cuckoos,Coccyzus erythrophthaimus (Wilson). Eggs were parasitized by the scelionidTelenomus prob.californicus Ashmead and the trichogrammidTrichogramma minutum (Riley). Predators of adult satin moths included the hermit thrush,Hylocichla guttata (Pallas), and pentatomid bugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377517
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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