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  • 1985-1989  (4)
  • 1975-1979  (9)
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Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of variation in sward characteristics upon the ingestive behaviour and herbage intake of calves and lambs under a continuous stocking management (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 34 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Groups of calves and lambs grazed on plots of S23 perennial ryegrass, in successive periods of 2, 2 and 3 weeks, at stocking rates which resulted in a slow change in herbage mass on each plot and measurements were made of ingestive behaviour (biting rate, bite size and grazing time) and herbage intake.As the green herbage mass was progressively reduced from approx. 3000 to 1000 kg OM per ha between periods, biting rate and grazing time increased, but insufficiently to offset the rapid fall in bite size so that herbage intake declined by 24% and 39% for calves and lambs respectively. Patterns of response were similar in calves and lambs, though in all parameters except biting rate the lambs appeared to be more sensitive than the calves to changes in sward conditions and there was no evidence that lambs were better adapted to grazing on short swards than calves.Intake increased in both calves and lambs up to levels of 2500–3000 kg green OM per ha, though this response may have been attributable in part to the reinforcing effects of increasing herbage mass and diet digestibility. Lambs consistently selected a more digestible diet than calves.Both calves and lambs increased grazing time substantially in response to limiting sward conditions, in contrast to results in earlier strip-grazing trials with calves, thus supporting the suggestion that the lack of response under strip-grazing is a characteristic of the management imposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1979.tb01479.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbage intake and milk production by grazing dairy cows 1. The effects of variation in herbage mass and daily herbage allowance in a short-term trial (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 34 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Twenty-four British Friesian cows were allocated between six grazing treatments (two levels of herbage mass x three levels of daily herbage allowance) in a balanced change-over design with four periods of 12 d each at monthly intervals. Herbage OM mass ranged from 3790 to 5770 kg ha-1 measured to ground level and daily herbage DM allowances were 30, 60 and 90 g per kg animal live weight. Herbage OM intake was lower at high than at low herbage mass (24·6 vs 26·3 g per kg LW), and was 26·9, 26·6 and 22·9 g per kg LW respectively at daily herbage DM allowances of 90, 60 and 30 g per kg LW. Milk yield was not affected by herbage mass but was depressed at the low herbage allowance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1979.tb01469.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE CONSUMPTION OF PERENNIAL RYEGRASS AND RED CLOVER BY GRAZING LAMBS (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 30 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Groups of six-month old lambs, which were either experienced or inexperienced grazers, strip-grazed swards of S24 perennial ryegrass or Hungaropoly tetraploid red clover, at daily herbage allowances of 20 or 40 g OM/kg LW, in late August and September. The swards were similar in N content, but the weight of standing crop, and its digestibility, were higher on grass than on clover. Estimates of herbage intake were made in two successive periods of 19 days. Intake (g OM/kg LW) was lower at low than at high allowance (by 22% and 28% in periods I and II). and experienced grazers ate more than inexperienced animals (by 27% and 22%). Intakes on clover were 28% higher than on grass in Period I, but in Period II the difference was not significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1975.tb01394.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The reaction of grazing sheep and cattle to the presence of dung from the same or the other species (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An experiment is described in which steers and wether sheep separately grazed perennial ryegrass swards, managed so that half of each sward had previously been grazed by sheep and half by cattle. The influence of the presence of dung from the same or the other species on grazing patterns and herbage utilization was examined.Regression analysis of extended sward height along transects laid across dung pats after grazing revealed that the limits of the rejected herbage were more clearly defined around cattle dung than sheep dung when grazed by cattle, whereas there was less distinct avoidance of herbage around both cattle and sheep dung when grazed by sheep. As grazing proceeded there was a progressive movement of animals from the half of the plot previously grazed by the same species to the half previously grazed by the opposite species, and this movement was more marked in the cattle than in the sheep.It was concluded that under mixed grazing a greater proportion of the herbage would be available to the sheep giving them an advantage over the cattle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1985.tb01735.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies of the influence of sward conditions on the ingestive behaviour of cows and sheep (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Separate groups of non-lactating cows and wether sheep grazed at similar herbage allowances for two successive 5-d periods on swards that had previously been grazed frequently or infrequently with the intention of creating differences in canopy structure. Measurements were made of sward structure and composition, ingestive behaviour and diet composition. The preliminary treatments had little effect upon either sward conditions or animal behaviour.Herbage mass was reduced from 4020 kg dry matter (DM) ha−1 to 3290 kg DM ha−1 on average over a 5-d grazing period as a consequence of the relatively low grazing pressure imposed. This resulted in a mean decline in intake per bite of 28%, and the changes for cattle and sheep did not differ significantly. However, there was a marked difference in the other behavioural responses of the two species; in the sheep biting rate fell and grazing time increased with declining herbage mass, particularly in the sward previously grazed infrequently, whereas the changes in the cattle were small.Differences in the botanical composition of the herbage eaten by cattle and sheep were minor, but there was a small but consistent advantage to the sheep in the digestibility of the herbage eaten.In the first of the two periods the variation in surface height after grazing was substantially greater for sheep-grazed than for cattle-grazed swards, indicating more patchy grazing by the sheep.Estimates of daily herbage organic matter (OM) intake calculated from ingestive behaviour variables were high (means 38 and 32 g (kg LW) −1 for cattle and sheep respectively) and usually declined substantially over a grazing period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1985.tb01721.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbage intake and milk production by grazing dairy cows 2. The effects of level of winter feeding and daily herbage allowance (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 34 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two experiments are described in which two levels of winter feeding and three levels of herbage allowance during the grazing season were imposed upon March/April calving British Friesian dairy cows. The winter treatments resulted in differences in live weight and milk yield at turnout of 35 and 53 kg and 3·4 and 3·2 kg d-1 for the two trials. Subsequently, when grazed at generous herbage allowances, the cows were able to compensate for much of this difference but when herbage was restricted the milk yield differences were accentuated.Groups of cows from each winter treatment were offered 25, 50 or 75 (Experiment 1) and 30, 50 or 70 (Experiment 2) g herbage DM per kg LW daily during the grazing season. Daily herbage intakes on the three allowances in each trial were 14·1, 13·3, 10·7 and 12·5, 12·1, 11·5 kg OM and milk yields were 16·0, 15·3, 12·5 and 15·2, 14·3, 11·8 kg SCM respectively. Both intake and milk production were depressed once the cows were forced to consume more than 50% of herbage on offer or to graze the sward down to a mean height of less than 8–10 cm. Grazing behaviour observations indicated that under rotational managements the cows did not compensate for restrictions in available herbage by grazing longer. Highest levels of milk production per unit area were observed in both trials when production per cow was depressed by 20–25%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1979.tb01477.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of daily herbage allowance and sward characteristics upon the ingestive behaviour and herbage intake of calves under strip-grazing management (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 34 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Measurements of herbage intake and ingestive behaviour were made on British Friesian calves 4–9 months old, which were strip-grazed on swards of S24 perennial ryegrass at three (Experiment A) or four (Experiment B) levels of daily herbage allowance in three (A) or four (B) 12-d periods. Herbage intake declined by approx. 18% as daily herbage allowance was reduced from 90 to 30 g DM per kg LW in both experiments, but the relationship between intake and allowance was not consistent between periods.Bite size and rate of biting were greater in calves on low than on high allowances after entry to a new strip of herbage but the positions were reversed towards the end of grazing. Reduced herbage intakes at low allowance resulted from reductions of approx. equal magnitude in bite size, rate of biting and grazing time, though not all of these effects were significant. It is suggested that these responses result from the increasing difficulty of prehending and ingesting herbage as swards are grazed down. The calves at low herbage allowances did not increase grazing time, probably because their behaviour was conditioned by anticipation of a new allowance of herbage.Bite size and daily herbage intake were greater on a spring sward than on an autumn sward, but within experiments herbage intake was not consistently related to any of the sward characteristics measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1979.tb01478.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentrate supplementation, and the herbage intake and milk production of heifers grazing Cenchrus ciliaris (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 34 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Friesian heifers grazing Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela were supplemented with 0, 3 or 6 kg concentrates daily during weeks 10–34 (±1·7) of lactation during either the rainy or the dry season. The overall responses to concentrate were identical between seasons at 0·27 kg extra milk and solids corrected milk per kg. Supplementation increased total feed intake and modified the grazing behaviour of cows. For each kg concentrate organic matter eaten, herbage organic matter intake was reduced by 0·64 and 0·42 kg in the rainy and dry seasons respectively and the time spent grazing by 11 min. Higher intakes in the dry season were the result of an increased rate of biting and were reflected in liveweight change but not milk yield.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1979.tb01482.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nomenclature and definitions in grazing studies (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 34 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1979.tb01442.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral habits in common between tension headache and non-headache populations (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 16 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous research has suggested a relationship between migraine pain and oral habits. The present study was designed as a replication of a prior study that found self-reported higher frequencies of certain oral habits in migraine as opposed to tension headache and non-headache groups. Three groups of subjects (common migraine, tension headache and non-headache) were given a single questionnaire in which five oral habits (i.e. teeth clenching, jaw jutting, cupping the chin in the hand, and resting the right and left side of the face on the hand) were rated on a 0 (not at all) to 10 (almost always) scale. Significant main effects were obtained for groups and oral habits in a 3 (groups) ×5 (oral habits) anova. Post hoc Tukey tests revealed the common migraine group reported significantly more frequent oral habits than did the tension headache group. The non-headache control group did not differ significantly from either headache group. Discussion focuses on the need for continued research in this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1989.tb01319.x
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