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  • 1975-1979  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 283 (1977), S. 363-368 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Excitation functions and angular distributions for the elastic scattering of protons on15N and the reactions15N(p, α 0)12C and15N(p,α 1)12C* were measured in the proton energy range of 2.50−5.14 MeV (E x (16O)=14.47−16.94 MeV). Besides known resonances two new ones were found at 16.46 and 16.82MeV. For the latterJ ⋆=3+ is assigned using the compound nucleus theory. The wave function of this state contains a (1f 7/2 1p 1 2/−1 )3-particle-hole-component. Earlier spin parity assignments of other resonances are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 292 (1979), S. 171-189 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract One-particle-inclusive measurements have been performed for the charge, kinetic energy and angular distributions of reaction products from238U +238U at 1 766MeV (7.42MeV/u) incident energy. The deep inelastic products exhibit features similar to those seen in reactions induced by medium heavy nuclei: increasing particle transfer is observed with increasing energy damping, the angular distributions are peaked near the grazing angle, they broaden significantly with increasing energy loss and/or charge transfer. The dominant reaction mechanism, however, is found to be sequential fission of one or both primary reaction products. The reconstructed primaryZ- andQ-value distributions show more particle transfer at a given energy loss than in other systems, i.e. the diffusion process seems to proceed colder in this system. This is confirmed by relatively large cross sections for surviving deep inelastic reaction products belowZ=92. A direct search forα-decay or fission of superheavy nuclei being produced in a deep inelastic reaction and being implanted in a surface barrier detector resulted in an upper cross section limit of 2 ×10−32cm2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mass andZ-distributions of fusion products from the reaction 5.8 MeV/u46Ti+12C were measured in the angular range betweenθ lab=1.5° and 8° using a time-of-flightΔE−E telescope. The results are compared with an earlier measurement of the reaction32 S+26Mg, in which the same compound nucleus was produced at higher excitation energy. The residual nuclide distributions are interpreted with the aid of evaporation calculations and the influence of shell effects in the level densities is discussed. The data are consistent with the assumption that the shell effects vanish above 15 to 20 MeV excitation energy, that is, that they are essentially only important for the last evaporation step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present data for the132Xe+56Fe-system at 5.73 MeV/u laboratory energy. Due to inverted kinematics, where Xe is the projectile, we were able to measure energy spectra as well as angular distributions for reaction products with 20≦Z≦60 with unitZ-resolution; i.e. target- and projectile-like fragments have been investigated. The reaction shows a well focussed quasielastic component, where charge transfer from the light to the heavy collision partner dominates. This apparent tendency towards more asymmetric fragmentation is explained by a potential energy surface which favours such charge transfer in order to minimize the asymmetry energy of the liquid drop. The strongly damped component which constitutes the major part of the reaction cross section exhibits characteristics of a fusion-fission reaction with typical fission fragment kinetic energies and 1/sinΘ c.m. angular distributions. The maximum cross section is found for the symmetric fragmentation, no clear indication is observed for a diffusion process leading to target- and projectile-like fragments. Our data are difficult to reconcile either with the standard diffusion models or with an equilibrated compound nucleus fission picture. We tentatively conclude that an essential part of the fully damped cross section originates from partial waves for which the compound nucleus has no fission barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 4 (1976), S. 231-238 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Animal experiments showed that all aminoglycosides cause similar toxic tubular and glomerular damage when investigated by qualitative morphology. Quantitative differences in the tubular nephrotoxicity of gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, kanamycin, kanendomycin, amikacin, and butirosin can be demonstrated experimentally by evaluation of the excretion rates of tubular cells and urinary enzymes in rats. By this means dose-effect relationships were established resulting in varying reproduceable toxic threshold doses for each antibiotic, and thus in a scale of increasing nephrotoxicity. The aminoglycosides differed in their affinity to kidney tissue as measured by determination of the accumulating renal concentrations of the drugs at different times during multiple-dose administration. This had a modifying influence on excretion rates of cells and enzymes affecting the scale of toxicity in long-term studies. Comparative investigations on nephrotoxicity in rats and guinea pigs gave similar results. In addition, a study in man suggested that the test results of nephrotoxicity are not species-specific. For human therapy it is concluded that even more caution should be practised with the new aminoglycosides than with gentamicin in order to avoid renal damage.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Morphologische Untersuchungen am Versuchstier zeigen, daß alle Aminoglykoside qualitativ ähnliche tubulotoxische und glomerulotoxische Eigenschaften haben. Quantitative Unterschiede in der tubulotoxischen Potenz der Substanzen Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Sisomicin, Kanamycin, Kanendomycin, Amikacin und Butirosin sind experimentell mittels Analysen der Exkretionsraten für Nierenepithelien und Harnenzyme an der Ratte nachzuweisen. Diese Parameter beschreiben die toxischen Wirkungen der Aminoglykoside in Dosis-Wirkungsbeziehungen, erlauben daher die Bestimmung von toxischen Schwellendosen und somit die Einordnung jeder Substanz in ein Nierenverträglichkeitsspektrum. Ferner unterscheiden sich Aminoglykoside in ihrer Affinität zum Nierengewebe und damit in der renal-kumulativen Potenz bei repetierter Applikation. Diese Tatsache wirkt sich modifizierend auf den Verlauf der toxikologischen Zeit-Wirkungsbeziehungen aus. Vergleichende Untersuchungen an Ratte und Meerschweinchen führen zu weitgehend ähnlichen Ergebnissen der Harnanalysen. Auch erste vergleichende Prüfungen am Menschen weisen darauf hin, daß die experimentell gewonnenen Resultate keine Spezies-immanenten Besonderheiten darstellen. Abschließend ist zu folgern, daß — verglichen mit Gentamicin — im klinischen Umgang mit den neuen Aminoglykosiden eine eher noch größere Vorsicht angebracht ist, um nephrotoxische Komplikationen zu vermeiden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 4 (1976), S. S233 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The therapeutic efficacy of various cephalosporins (cephalothin, cephacetrile, cephaloridine, cefazolin, EMD 30087) was tested with the experimental model of oestradiol-induced E. coli pyelonephritis in rats, which allows a delayed onset of treatment after the acute inflammatory phase. A seven-day course of cephalothin therapy had no noticeable effect, whereas the number of viable organisms in the kidneys could be significantly reduced by the other cephalosporins. On the whole, the effect of therapy was limited probably because of the difficult conditions of the chronic experimental model corresponding to clinical experience with human non-obstructive chronic pyelonephritis. Only with a high dosage of rifampicin — presumably on account of its intracellular activity — was a decisive success attainable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die therapeutische Effektivität verschiedener Cephalosporine (Cephacetril, Cephaloridin, Cephalothin, Cefazolin und EMD 30087) wurde am Modell der hormonal gebahnten Pyelonephritis der Ratte getestet. Eine 7tägige Therapie, mit der erst nach Abklingen der akuten Infektionsphase begonnen wurde, führte bei Cephalothin zu keinem sichtbaren Erfolg, während die Keimzahlen durch die anderen Cephalosporin-Derivate signifikant gesenkt werden konnten. Der insgesamt begrenzte kurative Effekt muß als Folge der besonders schwierigen Testbedingungen gesehen werden, die weitgehend der äußerst therapieresistenten chronischen Verlaufsform einer nicht obstruktiven menschlichen Pyelonephritis entsprechen. Nur mit hochdosierter Rifampicin-Medikation ließ sich bisher — vermutlich aufgrund der intrazellulären Wirkungsweise — bei diesem Infektionsmodell ein durchgreifender Erfolg erzielen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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