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  • 1975-1979  (11)
Source
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical dependency as a measure to evaluate Markov properties of stochastic point processes (1975)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 18 (1975), S. 191-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Neuronal spike trains are regarded as stochastic point processes. To estimate the order and value of Markov processes of the interspike interval sequences with small number of samples, we have proposed a new measure of simplified statistical dependencyd m. This measure is derived from statistical dependencyd m (T=τ) in the case of Gaussian process, and is obtained by the standard deviation and the matrices of the serial correlation coefficients. Sinced m is a parametric measure, it is calculated from the interval sequence transformed into the aormal distribution. We designate this as normalized simplified statistical dependencyNd m. The order and value of the maintained spike sequences recorded from the mesencephalic reticular formation, red nucleus, optic tract, and lateral geniculate nucleus neurons in cats have been estimated. It is indicated that there is a considerable correspondence between the value ofNd m and that ofd m (T=τ). This suggests thatNd m is useful in practice to estimate the order and value of Markov process with small number of samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00326689
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependency as a measure to estimate the order and the values of Markov processes (1977)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 25 (1977), S. 209-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate the order and the values of Markov properties of the time series of events, we have proposed a statistical measure “dependency”:D m = (H 0 −H m )/H 0 , whereH 0 andH m are Shannon's entropy and them-th order conditional entropy, respectively. It is indicated that $$\tilde D_m = \sum\limits_{v = 1}^m {(\hat D_v - \bar D_v^{sh} } )$$ is a better point estimator ofD m, giving a total value of them-th order Markov process. Here $$\hat D_m $$ and $$\bar D_m^{sh} $$ are the estimate ofD m and the arithmetic mean of $$\hat D_m^{sh} $$ when them-th order shuffling is made many times for a given observed series, respectively. The value $$\hat D_m - \bar D_m^{sh} = d_m $$ represents Markov value of the orderm. Under the assumption that the series has continuous variables and the normal distribution, simplified dependency is defined by , where |S m | is the determinant of serial correlation coefficients. It is shown that is practically useful for the estimation of the order and the values of Markov processes with small sample size. It is also indicated that analysis is basically equivalent to the least mean-square analysis of autoregressive models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01885639
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracranial pressure in patients with diffuse cerebral arterial spasm following ruptured intracranial aneurysms (1978)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 44 (1978), S. 81-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intracranial pressure (ICP) was recorded continuously in 12 pre-operative patients with angiographic evidence of diffuse cerebral arterial spasm due to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm. Recordings were made for 1 to 7 days, starting within 13 days after the haemorrhage. 1. An increased ICP was observed in the first week after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) in 4 of the patients without any signs of angiographic arterial spasm. 2. This initial increase was regularly followed by a depression of ICP in between 7–12 days after SAH. In 11 out of 12 patients such a depression was concomitant with the beginning of arterial spasm. During the period of depressed ICP pattern, 6 patients showed little or no neurological deterioration, whereas 5 patients showed impaired consciousness or neurological deficits. 3. A secondary rise of ICP thereafter always followed due to ischaemic brain swelling or infarction, and was usually associated with a serious neurological deterioration. 4. Continuous ventricular drainage was performed to control the secondary increased ICP in 7 patients who survived, 4 of them with good clinical improvement and 3 with severe neurological deficits. 5. In the stage of depressed ICP, the administration of isoproterenol and steroids is recommended in order to try to alleviate the secondary rise of ICP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01401632
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DETERMINING THE ACCURACY OF COHERENT OPTICAL IDENTIFICATION OF DIATOMS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : The discriminating capability of a coherent optical processor in identifying diatom species was tested using 25 species selected by diatom taxonomists. A 25 × 25 matrix of auto- and cross-correlations was used for this purpose. In no case did cross-correlation signals approach the intensity of auto-correlations indicating that false identifications were extremely improbable. Shape and height differences of the cross-correlation signals can be attributed to variations in diatom shapes, sizes, and cell wall morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01187.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic and static recordings of the comfortable zone (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 5 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A dynamic and a static method of assessing the comfortable zone by means of a screw jack were compared in 12 subjects. Recorded under dynamic conditions the average width of the comfortable zone was approximately 3·0 mm, and under static conditions approximately 5·0 mm (P 〈 0·0001). It is suggested that in the dynamic experiments the larger output from receptors in the chewing system was responsible for the narrower zone, i.e. the more precise assessments of the comfortable zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1978.tb01207.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new intra-oral screw jack (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 4 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new pattern of screwjack for assessing the vertical dimension for occulusion utilizing an edentulous patient's proprioceptive sensation is described. It provides a greater range of movement than other, giving infinitely variable heights between 9 and 21 mm. The elements being captive, it cannot come to pieces in use.Laboratory experiments were contrived to define the magnitude of reading errors and the play in the screw threads. It was found that, only in instances where a graduation related closely to the datum mark, did errors of interpretation arise. These were found to exceed the height set for test purposes by 0·1 mm consistently. An error of this order is of no practical significance clinically and is no impediment to such an application of the device. Mean play in the new pattern jacks was 0·01 mm compared to 0·05 mm in the Timmer versions.In a clinical experiment the performance of the screw was compared to that of Timmer. Statistical evidence was found which suggested a functional difference between the two, the new pattern being significantly more accurate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1977.tb00973.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-term changes in the perception of comfortable nandibular occlusal positions (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 4 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In search of a new clinical method for determining the occlusal height of full dentures, the perception of the comfortable zone was studied in fifteen edentulous patients. In each experimental session perceptual changes were recorded from forty-four consecutive applications of a screw jack per subject. Two stages in perceptual acuity were found. An initial stage, in which only minor variations occurred among the final screw adjustments which the subjects made when they assessed the borders of the comfortable zone. In the ensuing stage greater variations emerged, indicating a deterioration in the ability of the subjects to disciminate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1977.tb00958.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Condylar displacements related to dynamic and static recordings of the comfortable zone (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 6 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a previous study it was found that the distance between the borders of the comfortable zone was considerably wider when the zone was recorded statically rather than dynamically. However, it was not reported how condylar displacements may be related to the zonal borders. Therefore, an attempt is made in the present study to translate zonal border recordings into the equivalent amount of condylar rotation. Using a dental articulator, it was found that the condyles rotated 4.96°, when the comfortable zone was recorded statically, and 2.50°, when the zone was recorded dynamically. The difference, 2.46°, was statistically significant (P 〈 0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1979.tb00398.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of three different approaches to the comfortable zone (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 4 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By means of a screw jack device, applied to thirteen edentulous subjects, the comfortable zone was approached in three different ways, by the central, the internal and the external approaches. Correspondingly, the zonal borders behaved differently. Applying the central approach it was found that the initial height of the screw jack had a lingering effect upon subsequent adjustments of the screw. Moreover, lower border data collected by the external approach distinguished themselves form other zonal border data by showing a signifincantly lower susceptibility to successive adjustments. The study suggests that muscle activity is a factor on which the perceptual mechanism relies, when a zonal border is assessed subjectively by a patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1977.tb00974.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependency representing Markov properties of nonstationary spike trains recorded from the cat's optic tract fibers (1979)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 35 (1979), S. 43-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The order and the values of Markov properties of nonstationary stochastic processes are inferred by the use of them-th order Markov value and simplified dependency , respectively: and HereK=0.5log2 e, and $$\left| {\hat R_m } \right|$$ is the correlation coefficient determinant obtained from the ensemble averages of sample records. When an observed value is greater than or equal to the critical value, , the null hypothesis of the (m-1)th order, , is rejected at the level of significance α. Hereχ 1 2 (α) is the chi-square value with one degree of freedom at α andN is sample size. With these statistics it was shown that the order and the values of Markov properties of spike trains of optic tractX- andY-fibers became higher and larger, respectively, after the light spot presentation; and that the values due to negative correlation came to increase and returned to the maintained level earlier inY-fibers than inX-fibers, while the maximum values forX-fibers continued to the light off. It is discussed that Markov properties of spike trains of optic tract fibers in the visual pathway seem to constitute a significant component of the neural information code.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01845843
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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