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  • 1975-1979  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 1 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Des tests ont été conduits, en complément d'études antérieures (1, 2), sur dés produits commerciaux en provenance de différents fournisseurs. La série examinée comporte sept esters isopropyliques et cinq esters butyliques d'acides gras, assez couramment utilisés en cosmétologie. Les essais de tolérances oculaire et cutanée ont été effectués sur le lapin selon les méthodes officielles francaises, mais avec quelques compléments ou modifications. Les résultats montrent que pratiquement tous les produits, testés à l'état pur, ont provoqué des réactions d'intolérance plus ou moins marquées. Seul un stéarate d'isopropyle (sur deux) semble relativement bien tolére malgré un indice d'irritation cutanée primaire supérieur à 1. Deux esters ont été particulièrement agressifs, puisqu'il a fallu interrompre le traitement après cinq semaines d'applications, ce sont: l'isostéarate d'isopropyle et l'un des deux linoléates d'isopropyle. D'autre part, l'étude de ces matières premières en suspension aqueuse à 10% a permis de mettre en évidence une diminution notable des réactions observées à l'état pur, dans la plupart des cas. Eye and skin irritation tests on the rabbit of several fatty acid esters 〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉SummaryContinuing preceding work (1,2), a series of tests has been carried out on the toxicological evaluation of samples of different fatty esters obtained from several manufacturers.Eye irritation tests and skin irritation and sensitisation tests were carried on the rabbit following the official French methods with minor modifications. When tested pure, nearly all the isopropyl and butyl esters used gave some adverse reactions. Only one sample (out of two tested) of isopropyl stearate appeared to be well tolerated although the primary irritation index on skin was greater than one. The two esters with the greatest adverse skin reactions were isopropyl isostearate and one of two isopropyl linoleates.Ten per cent aqueous dispersion showed considerable diminution of the adverse reactions in the majority of the cases.Considering the results obtained in this paper together with those published previously (1) being twenty-seven samples covering fifteen different fatty esters, the worse reactions were obtained with the C8, C12, C14 saturated together with the oleate and linoleate esters. Isopropyl palmitate, stearyl heptonate and arachidyl propionate were the best tolerated as pure materials.Other adverse reactions were obtained with the isopropyl, butyl and octyl stearates and isostearates (except for one of two isopropyl stearates) and from these results appears that the alcohol moiety plays little part in irritation when compared with the fatty acid chain.Examination of peroxy values indicates that these have a significant adverse effect for oleates and linoleates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Des tests ont été conduits pour l'évaluation toxicologique de différentes matières premières (fraîches et stockées) couramment utilisées en cosmétique et provenant de fabrications diverses. Les essais de tolérances oculaire et cutanée ont été effectués sur le lapin selon les méthodes officielles françaises mais avec quelques compléments. Les résultats montrent que, sur les 35 échantillons étudiés à l'état pur, un certain nombre de produits sont bien tolérés malgré les provenances diverses. Ce sont les huiles d'amande, de ricin, d'hybride de carthame ainsi que les huiles de silicone. Pour les autres, les résultats sont variables suivant les origines. Huit échantillons ont été mal tolérés, à savoir: deux huiles d'avocat sur les quatres testées, l'insaponifiable d'huile d'avocat, une huile de paraffine épaisse sur cinq, une huile de paraffine fluide sur trois, un solvant hydrocarboné volatil (après stockage pendant 18 mois) et l'ester éthylique d'huile de tortue (récent et stocké). D'autre part, une étude de ces matières premières en suspension aqueuse à 10% a permis de mettre en évidence une diminution notable des réactions observées à l'Etat Pur, dans la plupart des cas.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Summary A study of skin and eye irritation in the rabbit due to different sources of some cosmetic raw materials (Part II) Different lots of a number of oils used in cosmetics were subjected to different storage times, analysed and their effects on rabbit eye and skin were assessed following the official French methods. The scoring system diverged slightly from the official method and was described in Part I (1). All products were tested pure in the eye test without rinsing and no corneal involvement was found. Slight congestion of the iris and conjuctivae was noted. The products showing the worst (slightly irritant) score were one sample each of avocado oil and ethyl esters of turtle oil. The highest score on the primary cutaneous irritancy test (slightly irritant) was that for the volatile hydrocarbon solvents which also gave an oedematous reaction. On dilution or on open test the reactions were negligible. The repeated application test was continued only for 8 weeks (instead of 90 days) and a histological examination was carried out on treated areas at the end of this period. The oils were applied pure and in aqueous emulsion – 10% or 2% where a severe reaction was observed. Of five samples of sweet-almond oil one showed a high degree of oxidation (peroxide value 35 meq kg−1). This sample did not give any significant adverse reaction whereas some irritation and vesicularisation was obtained with a sample of low peroxide value stored under nitrogen. Two of the four samples of avocado oils tested showed severe irritation and vesicle formation after 6 weeks application of the pure oil although no analytical differences were found to correlate with this result. A commercial sample of the unsaponifiable fraction of avocado oil (prepared by molecular distillation) showed severe reactions in the three rabbits treated with the pure oil, the study being terminated after 5 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 12 (1979), S. 429-431 
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray, neutron and electron diffraction experiments have revealed the existence of internally ordered Guinier–Preston zones in Al-(8 to 15 at.%)Mg alloys; diffuse satellites oriented along (100) directions are observed near Bragg peaks and give rise to modulated contrasts by TEM. A small-angle neutron scattering experiment has been carried out on single crystals and a model is proposed for the interpretation of the observed pattern. The existence of concentration modulations is related to alignments of spherical GP zones along (100) directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 713-713 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 713-714 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 255 (1977), S. 713-713 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 15 (1977), S. 2961-2970 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two sets of methylmethacrylate-vinylidene chloride copolymers were prepared via radical copolymerization in dimethylformamide. The first set is carried out in batches. Gas-chromatographic analysis of samples allows a kinetic study from which the reactivity ratios rM - 2.73 and rC - 0.24 are derived. For the second set a new apparatus, briefly described, has been used. It permits to keep constant the composition of the monomer mixture, through addition of methyl methacrylate, monitored by a chromatographic analysis. The two sets of copolymers are analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (60 MHz) leading to the triad distribution, from which the reactivity ratios are derived. Owing to the composition drift, the method cannot be applied to the first set of copolymers; but in that case, it is possible to calculate the triad distribution, the knowledge of the reactivity ratios, and the calculation fits quite well the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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