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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 187 (1979), S. 283-305 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Inhibitors ; Insect embryogenesis ; Oogenesis ; Permeabilisation ; Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Embryos of the chironomid midgeSmittia spec. were permeabilized with sodium hypochlorite and octane. Uptake of labeled uridine and amino acids suggested that these compounds are actively transported across the plasma membrane. Before blastoderm formation, uridine was incorporated at low levels into nuclear DNA and mitochondrial RNA. After blastoderm formation, uridine was incorporated rapidly, mostly into cytoplasmic RNA including both ribosomal RNA precursors and poly(A)-containing RNA. Protein synthesis was observed throughout early embryogenesis. By measuring incorporation of labeled amino acids and internal amino acid pool sizes, we found that the rate of protein synthesis increased with development. Experiments with inhibitors of transcription indicated that proteins synthesized before blastoderm formation were translated from maternal mRNA. During blastoderm stages, embryonic mRNAs seemed to replace maternal mRNAs. Proteins synthesized during short incubation periods in vivo were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. After blastoderm formation, several new proteins were found that could not be detected at earlier stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 184 (1978), S. 143-153 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Insect embryogenesis ; 3H-uridine precursor conversion ; Polyadenylated RNA ; Maternal RNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der Oogenese und frühen Embryogenese markierte Nukleinsäuren wurden aus Eiern der ZikadeEuscelis plebejus isoliert. Poly(A)-haltige RNS wird in frühen Oogenesestadien in die Oocyte eingebaut. Im frisch abgelegten Ei beträgt ihr Anteil am RNS-Gehalt etwa 2,7%. Im Molekulargewicht ist diese Fraktion (15–32 S) deutlich verschieden von poly(A)-haltiger RNS aus dem embryonalen Markierungszeitraum zwischen früher Furchung und Vorkeimanlagenstadium (4–20 S). Am vorderen Eiende injiziertes3H-Uridin war innerhalb von 3 h gleichmäßig über den Eiraum verteilt. Als3H-Uridin im frühen Furchungsstadium injizierte Markierung fand sich in späteren Stadien (nach 10–10 h) in hohem Umfang in DNS eingebaut (25–35%); markierte RNS konnte erst im zellulären Blastodermstadium nachgewiesen werden. Bei getrennter Aufarbeitung von Dotter-Endoplasma und Blastodermzellen war nur in den letzteren eine embryonale RNS-Synthese erkennbar. Von der im Embryo markierten RNS lagen im frühen Blastodermstadium etwa 10% als poly(A)-haltige RNS vor, im frühen Keimanlagenstadium nur etwa 3%. Anteriore und posteriore Eihälften im frühen Keimanlagenstadium zeigten keine Unterschiede der Molekulargewichte ihrer poly(A)-haltigen RNS.
    Notes: Summary RNA labelled during oogenesis or early embryogenesis was isolated from eggs of the leaf hopperEuscelis plebejus. The polyadenylated RNA fraction deposited during early oogenesis accounted for approximately 2.7% of the total RNA content of the newly laid egg. This fraction differed significantly in molecular weight (15–32 S) from poly(A)-containing RNA synthesised between early cleavage and early germ anlage stages (4–20S). Locally injected3H-uridine spread through the egg within approximately 3 h. A considerable fraction (25–35%) of label injected as3H-uridine during early cleavage was recovered in DNA at subsequent stages (10–20 h later); labelled RNA was not found prior to the cellular blastoderm stage. When the yolk-endoplasm was separated from the blastoderm cells, only the latter contained demonstrable amounts of RNA synthesised by the embryo. Of the precursor incorporated into embryonic RNA, approximately 10% was found in the polyadenylated fraction at the early blastoderm stage, but only 3% at the early germ anlage stage. No differences in size distribution of polyadenylated RNA were evident between anterior and posterior halves of the early germ anlage stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 187 (1979), S. 179-193 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Insect embryogenesis ; Poly(A)-containing RNA ; maternal RNA ; RNP-particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Eggs of the chironomid midgeSmittia spec. were shown to contain maternal rRNA, tRNA and poly(A)-containing RNA. The ribonucleoprotein spectrum consisted of monosomes, ribosomal subunits, and subribosomal particles, whereas polysomes could be detected only in small amounts. Poly(A)-containing RNA was found in different regions of the RNP spectrum, mainly between 15 S and 60 S. After labelling maternal RNA by feeding tritiated uridine to the larvae, the radioactivity associated with poly(A)-containing RNA accounted for about 4% of the label in the total RNA extracted from newly deposited eggs. About half of the radioactivity in the poly(A)-containing RNA was lost between egg deposition and an advanced blastoderm stage. The loss was accompanied by both a decrease in the size of the poly(A)-containing RNA molecules and a shift of poly(A)-containing RNP particles to less dense regions in sucrose gradients. Comparison with poly(A)-containing RNA synthesized by the embryo indicates that the reduction in size of maternal poly(A)-containing RNA is not artifactual but reflects its degradation after the formation of blastoderm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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