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  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase has been well established to be composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits, and cyclic AMP acts to dissociate these subunits to exhibit full enzymatic activity. In contrast, cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase does not possess such a subunit structure and is activated by cyclic GMP simply in an allosteric manner. In addition to cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases, another species of multifunctional protein kinase has been found in many mammalian tissues. This protein kinase is entirely independent of cyclic nucleotides and activated by lower concentrations of Ca21 in the presence of a membrane-associated factor. This factor has been identified as phospholipids; in fact, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine are active in this role, whereas lecithin and sphingomyelin are unable to activate the enzyme. Thus, the three species of protein kinases mentioned above are activated in different manners. Nevertheless, these enzymes show very similar substrate specificities and phosphorylate the same specific seryl residues of histone fractions. In addition, all enzymes have abilities to activate and inactivate muscle phosphorylase kinase and glycogen synthetase, respectively, although the relative rates of reactions towards various substrates are markedly different. The Ca2+-dependent protein kinase seems to be associated with membranous components, whereas cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase appears to be related to certain subcellular organella such as nucleus. Suggestive evidence is available implying that the cyclic AMP-, cyclic GMP- and Ca2+-activated three sets of protein kinase systems may play each specific physiological roles presumably owing to their own subcellular compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 80 (1979), S. 69-94 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Über Meßergebnisse der Schmelzviskosität (η) und der lokalen Viskosität (ξ) von Polystyrolen (PS) unterschiedlicher Molmasse ist berichtet worden. In dieser Arbeit wird der Zusammenhang zwischen η und dem Schmelzdiffusionskoeffizienten (DB) sowie ξ und dem lokalen Diffusionskoeffizienten (DL) dargestellt. Die erhaltenen Daten führen zu mehreren Schlußfolgerungen. Aus den erhaltenen Werten für die ungestörten Dimensionen und der universellen Konstante (Φ) wurde gefunden, daß die Bueche-Gleichung: DB · η = const. für Polystyrole mit Molekulargewichten über 600 g/mol gültig ist. Die Abhängigkeit des Schmelzdiffusionskoeffizienten des Zweikomponenten-Polymergemisches von Temperatur und Komponentenzusammensetzung können anhand der Theorie des freien Volumens interpretiert werden. Für Zustände gleichen freien Volumens kann die Abhängigkeit sowohl von Polystyrol mit enger Molekulargewichtsverteilung als auch vonPolymermischungen in einer einzigen Kurve dargestellt werden, die sich in doppeltlogarithmischer Darstellung aus zwei Geraden mit einem Schnittpunkt bei Mw = 1,78 · 104 g/mol zusammensetzt. Die Steigungen dieser beiden Geraden sind - 1,0 bzw. - 3,3. Das Produkt DL · ξ wurde für n-Paraffine zu 1,10 · 10-7 (c.g.s.-Einheiten) bestimmt. Dabei wurden Literaturdaten für die Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten und ξ zugrunde gelegt. Dies ermöglichte die Bestimmung von DL aus ξ. Für Polystyrole höherer Molekulargewichte ist log DB beinahe eine lineare Funktion von log Mw während log DL fast konstant bleibt.
    Notes: Results of bulk viscosity (η) and local viscosity (ξ) of various molecular weights of polystyrene (PS) have been reported. In this paper the relationship between η and bulk diffusion coefficient (DB), and that between ξ and local diffusion coeffizient (DL) are presented. Data obtained lead to several conclusions. From the results of unperturbed dimensions and a universal constant (Φ), it was found that F. Bueche's equation DB · η = const. is valid for polystyrenes with molecular weights over 600. Temperature and component concentration dependence of bulk diffusion coefficient for the two-component blend system may be interpreted in terms of the free volume theory. At an iso-free volume state, molecular weight dependences of bulk diffusion coefficients for both PS of narrow distribution of molecular weight and blend PS can be composed to a single curve, which is composed of two straight lines in a double logarithmic presentation with intersection at Mw = 1.78 × 104 g/mol. The slopes of these two lines were - 1.0 and - 3.3, respectively. The product DL · ξ was determined to be 1.10 × 10-7 (c.g.s) for n-paraffines from the data of self-diffusion coefficient and ξ. This made it possible to determine DL from ξ. For higher molecular weights of PS, log DB is a linear function of log Mw while log DL stays almost constant.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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