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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 55 (1977), S. 489-493 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Anticoagulants ; Reocclusion of arterial vessels ; Smoking abstinence ; Streptokinase treatment ; Vascular status evaluation ; Streptokinasebehandlung ; Antikoagulantien ; Reokklusion in Arterien ; Rauchkarenz ; Gefäßstatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 67 Patienten mit 68 durch Streptokinasebehandlung eröffneten Arterien wurden bis zu sechs Jahren später nachuntersucht. In zehn der 68 Fälle (=15%) war ein Reverschluß noch während des stationären Aufenthaltes aufgetreten. Das verbleibende Patientenkollektiv mit definitiv eröffneten Gefäßen gliederte sich in drei Gruppen: Patienten, bei denen eine Beurteilung der Gefäßverhältnisse möglich war (A), Patienten, die in der Zwischenzeit verstorben waren (B) und Patienten, bei denen aus technischen Gründen eine Ermittlung des Gefäßstatus ausgeschlossen war (C). Folgende Ergebnisse wurden in der Gruppe A ermittelt: 1 In den ersten Jahren nach der Streptokinasebehandlung stieg die Reverschlußrate stetig bis auf 21% an und schwankte bis zum 6 Jahr um diesen Wert. 2 Die A. iliaca schnitt als eröffnetes Gefäßsegment am besten ab. Ihre Reverschlußtendenz war minimal und lag über die 6 Jahre Beobachtungszeit hinweg um 0 bis 14%. 3 Die A. femoralis erreichte eine Reverschlußinzidenz von 4/15 (=27%) nach 1 Jahr, von 2/11 (=18%) nach 2 Jahren, von 2/6 (=33%) nach 3 Jahren und von 3/6 (=50%) nach 5 und 6 Jahren. 4 Die Reverschlußtendenz der Aorta bewegte sich zahlenmäßig zwischen den für die A. iliaca und A. femoralis ermittelten Raten. 5 Die konsequente und therapeutisch gut eingestellte orale Antikoagulantienbehandlung setzte die Reverschlußrate signifikant herab. Die Rauchkarenz wirkte tendenziell in gleicher Richtung, ohne allerdings das Signifikanzniveau zu erreichen.
    Notes: Summary 67 patients in whom a total of 68 arteries had been made patent by streptokinase treatment were observed for periods of up to six years. In ten of the 68 cases (=15%) reocclusion occurred while patients were still in the hospital. The remaining case material with definitely cleared vessels was divided into three groups: (A) patients in whom evaluation of the vascular status was possible; (B) patients who had died in the meantime; and (C) patients in whom the state of the vessels could not be ascertained for technical reasons. Listed below are the results obtained in Group (A): 1 The reocclusion rate showed a steady rise of up to 21% during the first three years following streptokinase treatment, and fluctuated around that value up to the end of the sixth year. 2 The iliac artery permitted the best results among the vascular segments cleared. The reocclusion rate was very low at 0 to 14% throughout the six-year observation period. 3 The femoral artery reached a reocclusion rate of 4/15 (=27%) after 1 year, of 2/11 (=18%) after 2 years, of 2/6 (=33%) after 3 years and of 3/6 (=50%) after 4 and 5 years. 4 The aortic reocclusion figure was between the figures ascertained for the iliac and femoral arteries. 5 Regular and therapeutically effective oral treatment with anticoagulants produced a significant drop in the reocclusion rate. Abstinence from smoking showed a similar trend which, however, did not reach the significance level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 809-814 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Blood clotting ; fibrinolysis ; streptokinase ; Blutgerinnung ; Fibrinolyse ; Streptokinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe eines Clot-Lysis-Tests war es möglich, Streptokinasekonzentrationen in Humanplasma quantitativ zu erfassen. Das Testsystem bestand aus Rinderfibrinogen, Rinderplasminogen, Human-Euglobulin, EDTA, Humanplasma (mit unbekanntem Streptokinaseanteil) und Thrombin. Plasminogen und Fibrinogen lagen stark konzentriert vor, so daß Plasminogen und Fibrinogen des zu testenden Humanplasmas keine Rolle spielten. Ein Zusatz von EDTA verhinderte, daß Gerinnungsfaktoren und Thrombocyten des auszutestenden Humanplasmas auf die Clot-Lysis-Zeit einen Einfluß nahmen. Die Fehlerbreite der Methode für 2 E Streptokinase lag beis=±0,19 E pro ml Plasma, für 5 E Streptokinase beis=±0,47 E pro ml Plasma und für 20 E Streptokinase beis=2,50 E pro ml Plasma. Plasmen von Patienten, die sich einer fibrinolytischen Therapie unterziehen mußten, wurden auf ihren Streptokinasegehalt untersucht. Es wurden Streptokinasekonzentrationen von 0,7 E bis 15 E pro ml Plasma gemessen. Die Halbwertszeit für die Elimination der Streptokinase nach Beendigung der Infusionstherapie lag bei 18 min. Der Verfall von 5 E Streptokinase pro ml Plasma wurde über einen unterschiedlichen Zeitraum (15 und 60 min, 24 und 48 Std) und Inkubation bei Zimmertemperatur und +37° C untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß bei Zimmertemperatur eine schnelle Verarbeitung zur Vermeidung von Aktivitätsverlusten notwendig ist. Im eingefrorenen Zustand geht keine Streptokinase verloren.
    Notes: Summary A method of a quantitative determination of plasma streptokinase concentrations in patients undergoing streptokinase infusion is described. The principle of this method is based on the clot lysis time recorded by the thromboelastograph. The test clot constituents were bovine fibrin, bovine plasminogen, human euglobulin, EDTA, human plasma (of unknown streptokinase quantity) and thrombin. As rather high concentrations (fixed excess) of plasminogen (euglobulin) and fibrinogen were present in the test coagulum, no interference with changing plasminogen and fibrinogen levels of the patient's plasma was observed. Furthermore, due to high EDTA concentrations, no interaction with platelet functions and coagulation factors took place. The standard deviation in measuring 2 u streptokinase in 1 ml human plasma was determined ass=±0.19 u/ml, of 5 u streptokinase ats=±0.47 u/ml and of 20 u streptokinase ats=±2.5 u in 1 ml of human plasma. Plasma samples of patients undergoing fibrinolytic treatment were investigated with regard to their streptokinase content. Streptokinase concentration values varied between 0.7 u and 15 u/ml plasma. The average half life of streptokinase in the organism was 18 min. The decay of streptokinase in plasma at different temperatures and over various periods of time was also determined. A considerable loss of streptokinase in the plasma during storage at room temperature could be observed. Therefore, the determination procedures should be carried out without delay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Spinal interneurones ; Renshaw cells ; L-Aspartate ; L-Glutamate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary L-Glutamate and L-aspartate were administered electrophoretically near spinal interneurones and Renshaw cells of pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats. Other spinal interneurones were consistently more sensitive to L-glutamate than to L-aspartate. Renshaw cells, however, showed no consistent difference in their sensitivity to these two amino acids. The results, which are compared with those reported previously in the cat, support the hypothesis that L-glutamate could be a transmitter at spinal primary afferent terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 275-281 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Interpositus ; Spino-cerebellar reflexes ; Mutant mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The response characteristics of interpositus neurones (IP) to sciatic nerve stimulation were studied in normal and Lurcher mutant mice under pentobarbitone anaesthesia. The response of IP neurones in the normal mouse was a short latency bimodal excitation (E1-I1-E2) followed by a depression of the firing rate (I2) and ending with a longer latency excitation (E3) which was completed within 225 msec. The response of the majority of IP neurones in the Lurcher mouse was a short latency unimodal excitation (LE1) which corresponded in time to the E1-I1-E2 phase in the normal. This was followed by a pause in the excitation. The response ended with a longer latency excitation (LE2) corresponding in time to the E3 phase in the normal mouse but which persisted for a considerably greater period of time. The response of IP neurones in normal and Lurcher mice appear to be similar to those observed in the normal and experimentally cerebellar decorticate cat, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 14 (1978), S. 383-390 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Acebutolol ; N-acetyl metabolite ; drug plasma concentrations ; plasma renin activity ; hypertension ; β-blockade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Relationships between plasma concentrations of acebutolol (Ac) and its N-acetyl metabolite (Am) and pharmacological effects were studied in patients with essential hypertension. In an acute study (N=7) 400 mg oral acebutolol produced similar peak plasma levels of Ac and Am but Am had a longer half life. Group mean pulse and blood pressure fell significantly, although the size of individual blood pressure fall varied five-fold. There was no significant change in plasma renin activity. Correlations were found between drug concentration and β-blockade, assessed as % reduction in exercise tachycardia, and between both of these and the fall in post exercise systolic blood pressure. Similar comparisons were made in a chronic optimum dose study (N=11) both pre-dose and three hours post-dose. Am concentration was consistently higher than Ac at both times. Blood pressure was lowered equally pre-and post-dose when compared to placebo and plasma renin activity (PRA) was reduced on active treatment. Correlations were again shown between drug concentrations and β-blockade but none were found with changes in blood pressure or PRA. Between subject differences in blood pressure response could not be fully explained in terms of the other measurements but it is unlikely that pharmacokinetic differences are the major source of this variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 14 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Use-oriented benefits and treatment costs analysis has been incorporated into a water quality index to show an economically optimized concentration for the treatment of the pollutants and the resulting water quality. This combined water quality index can be used in decisionmaking at the federal and local government levels. Five major pollutants, i.e., coliforms, nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, and detergent, have been considered for the municipal waste water. With each higher level of improvement the treatment costs increase accordingly and the benefits associated with the reuse of this treated waste water will increase too but not for the nutrient removal in agricultural use. The optimal concentration is determined when the marginal costs equal the marginal benefits. The combined water quality index is the combination of the maximum net benefits and the water quality index of the optimized residual concentrations. This water quality index is zero dollars for the Tucson region in this study. The possible reclaimed use of municipal waste water is for agricultural irrigation and recreational lakes for the Tucson region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 12 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: . Four commonly used models for predicting sediment yield are analyzed and compared using previously published data. Three of these models involve logarithmic transformations. Some of the problems involved in transforming data are discussed in the context of logarithmic transformations. These problems are illustrated using the results of standard regression analyses and economic loss function analyses. For the data analyzed, the linear model is preferable to each of the logarithmic models on the basis of each analysis, and the usual multiple objective nature of the model choice problem is thus modified. The extent to which these results can be generalized is discussed in the context of model choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 82 (1978), S. 2420-2423 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 2 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effect of intravenous pentaerythritol trinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate on left ventricular subepicardial (epi) and subendocardial (endo) Po2 and perfusion were compared in anaesthetized open-chest mongrel dogs. Tissue Po2 was determined simultaneously at a depth of 3 mm (epicardial) and 9 mm (endocardial) with small platinum electrodes by polarography. In a separate series of dogs tissue perfusion of those regions was measured by hydrogen (H2) clearance using similar electrodes.2. Both nitrates increased endocardial Po2 while epicardial Po2 was not altered. Perfusion was determined at the point of the maximal rise in endocardial Po2 (4–7 min after injection of either nitrate). At that period average coronary artery inflow and epicardial perfusion were decreased but endocardial perfusion was not significantly altered.3. Using the data on Po2, hydrogen clearance and intercapillary distance, the effect of the nitrates on transmural metabolism (oxygen consumption) was estimated by Krogh analysis. Basal endocardial metabolism was 20–30% higher than epicardial metabolism. The nitrates reduced metabolism in each region. The absolute decrease in oxygen consumption was greater in the endocardium.4. The results show that both pentaerythritol trinitrate and glyceryl trinitrate improve endocardial oxygenation by producing a more favourable balance between perfusion and oxygen requirements in that region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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