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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 42 (1978), S. 95-106 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Malathion ; Isomalathion ; Trimethyl phosphorothioates ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Carboxylesterase ; Potentiation of toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During a malaria eradication programme in Pakistan in 1976, out of 7,500 spraymen, 2,800 became poisoned and 5 died. The major determinant of this poisoning has been identified as isomalathion present as an impurity in the malathion. It seems almost certain that the isomalathion was produced during storage of the formulated malathion. The quantitative correlation found between isomalathion content and toxicity of many field samples of malathion has been confirmed by an examination of mixtures of pure compounds. Addition of known amounts of isomalathion to technical malathion indicates that other active substances are present. These impurities have been identified (trimethyl phosphorothioates) and have been shown to behave like isomalathion in potentiating the toxicity of malathion. Some preliminary work on their toxicological properties is reported. The mechanisms involved in the potentiation of the toxicity of malathion are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 23-29 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: valproate ; epilepsy ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In four refractory epileptic patients, peak plasma levels of sodium valproate occurred within 1.5 to 3 h after a single oral dose of valproate and the decline in plasma levels followed a monoexponential course with a t1/2 of 11.4 ± 0.1 h. The mean value for apparent volume of distribution was 0.176 ± 0.013 l/kg and for total plasma clearance 0.0106 ± 0.0009 l/h/kg. Steady state plasma levels were predicted using the method of superposition utilizing pharmacokinetic parameters determined following a single dose of valproate and were 78–123% of the predicted values for two patients receiving valproate alone, and 37–64% of the predicted values for the two patients receiving carbamazepine in addition to valproate. In a further group of 20 patients the mean daily doses of valproate for 8 patients receiving valproate alone (25.4 ± 4.9 mg/kg) was significantly less than those for the 12 patients receiving concomitant anticonvulsant therapy (41.6 ± 12.3 mg/kg) (p〈0.005). In addition, the steady state predose plasma levels of valproate were significantly higher in the valproate alone patients (90.3 ± 8.7 µg/ml) compared to the patients receiving additional anticonvulsants (75.3 ± 13.8 µg/ml) (p〈0.01). The higher dose requirements of valproate and lower predose and steady state plasma levels for those patients on multiple anticonvulsants indicate an interaction between valproate and other anticonvulsants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 44 (1978), S. 237-241 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cases of spontaneous ventriculo-aerocele are described. Both patients were eighteen years old and had previously been treated for obstructive hydrocephalus by Torkildsen's bypass, eleven and thirteen years before. Findings relating to the aetiology are described as are some of the problems of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 39 (1977), S. 133-141 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A prospective survey of wound infection in a continuous series of 357 patients undergoing operations at a neurosurgical unit was made. The incidence of wound infection was 4.7 percent. Causative organisms were isolated in only 29.4 percent of the clinically infected cases. The type of suture material used did not affect the infection rate and neither did the coincidental use of steroids in the high doses employed in neurosurgical practice. Re-exploration does not carry an increased risk of infection. Use of systemic or topical antibiotics or both was not found to confer any protection against wound infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 43 (1978), S. 4538-4540 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Weed research 15 (1975), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Uncontrolled weeds reduced tobacco yields by 26% over a 4-year period, caused substantial changes in the grade distribution, significantly reduced the price index and affected the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco (cultivar Hicks). Treatments with diphenamid, pebulate, or benfluralin-pubulate visibly injured transplanted tobacco. After diphenamid treatment, tobacco generally did not differ from the cultivated controls in yield or gross dollar returns. In contrast, the mixture of benfluralin-pebulate increased dollar returns per hectare. The most striking differences followed pebulate applied alone which increased tobacco yields, significantly increased dollar returns, and elevated the levels of total nitrogen and alkaloids in tobacco leaves. All herbicide treatments tended to improve the grading quality of Hicks tobacco. Effets du disherbage sur le rendement et la qualité du tabac séchéè I'air chaud Les mauvaises herbes non détruites ont provoqué, sur une période de 4 ans une réduction de 25% des récoltes de tabac, provoquant des changeinents importants dans la répartition des catégories, une réduction significative de l'index des prix et une modification de la composition chimique du tabac séchéè I'air chaud (cultivar ‘Hicks’). Des traitements avec le diphénamide, le pébulate, ou le mélange benfluraline-prébulate ont provoquée des dommages visibles sur des tabacs repiqués. Le tabac, après un traitement au diphénamide ne donnait généralement pas des rendements différents des témoins, ni en production, ni en rentabilité brute. Au con-traire, le mélange benfluraline-pébulate augmenta le revenu brut è l'hectare. Les différences les plus frappantes furent obtenues après application du pébulate seul, lequel augmenta la production ainsi que le revenu brut (significativement) et releva les niveaux d'azote total et d'alcaloïdes dans les feuilles de tabac. Tous les traitements herbicides eurent tendance è augmenter la qualité du tabac ‘Hicks’. Der Einfluss der Unkrautbekämpfung auf Ertrag und Qualität von röhrengetrocknetem Tabak Über eine Versuchszeit von 4 Jahren führte Verunkrautung zu 26% Minderertrag, verursachte wesentliche Veränderungen in den Güteklassen, verringerte deutlich den Preisindex und veränderte die chemische Zusammensetzung von röhrengetrocknetem (flue-cured) Tabak (Sorte Hicks). Behandlungen mit Diphenamid, Pebulate oder Benfluralin-Pebulate führten bei gepflanztem Tabak zu sichtbaren Schäden. Der Dollar-Rohertrag war beim mit Diphenamid behandelten Tabak und beim Tabak in Unbehandelt im allgemeinen gleich hoch. Dagegen wurde das Einkommen durch die Mischung Benfluralin-Pebulate erhöht. Der auffälligste Unterschied oirde durch alleinige Anwendung von Pebulate erzielt, was sich in höheren Tabak- und Dollarerträgen und höheren Gehalten an Stickstoff und Alkaloiden in den Tabakblättern niederschlug. Alle Herbizidbehandlungen verbesserten die Güteklasse von Hicks-Tabak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 22 (1979), S. 312-318 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 23 (1979), S. 13-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 5 (1977), S. 119-128 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transport by stream water of insecticides and nutrients in Big Creek, Norfolk County, Ontario, Canada, was examined by combining concentrations of substrates with flow data. Big Creek has its headwaters in dairy cattle country, its central basin area is mainly devoted to tobacco growing, and its lower reaches contain mixed fanning, corn and vegetables,etc., before it flows into Lake Erie. Three sampling sites were chosen to represent these 3 different land uses. Generally concentrations of substrates in the water were quite uniform at the 3 sites resulting in transport of quantities in proportion to stream flow. Certain anomalies occurred and are discussed. The 2 chief insecticides found were DDT and dieldrin. Analyses for potassium, calcium and magnesium indicated that these nutrient losses into the stream were arearather than usage-dependent. Midseason variations in loss of nitrogen and phosphorus may be the result of agricultural practices in the three areas represented in this study. The largest quantities of all nutrients lost occurred early in the season before crops were established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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