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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Skeletal muscle ; Denervation atrophy ; Target fibres ; Analysis of size distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An analysis of frequency distribution is performed in 250 target and targetoid fibres each from the anterior tibial muscle of a case with rapidly proceeding denervation atrophy. Following plane measurements on cross sections the size data were analysed according to the method of Daeves and Beckel [1] for mixed distributions. Three homogeneous normally distributed populations could thus be extracted from the mixed distributed sample. The largest population represents target fibres with a normal size range, while the second one encloses hypertrophic fibres, and the third and smallest one consists of fibres ranging within atrophic size limits. These findings support the previous presumption that targets predominantly occur in fibres of normal size and can therefore be regarded as manifestations of an early stage of denervation atrophy. The targetoid fibres, on the contrary, are of an atrophic size by 84%, while only a small population of about 15% contains targetoid fibres of a normal size on cross section.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Deep vein thrombosis ; phlebography ; postoperative ; fibrinogen test ; postthrombotic syndrom ; Tiefe Venenthrombose ; Phlebographie ; postoperativ ; Fibrinogentest ; postthrombotisches Syndrom
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen einer prospektiven, randomisierten und kontrollierten Studie, in der die Thromboseprophylaxe-Mittel Dextran und Heparin bei allgemein-chirurgischen und urologischen Patienten geprüft werden, phlebographierten wir 31 Patienten mit sicherer tiefer Venenthrombose sofort nach der Diagnosestellung mittels125J-Fibrinogentest. 16 Patienten wurden 14 Tage später ein zweites Mal phlebographiert.Alle Thromben entstanden intraoperativ. 24 von 31 Patienten zeigten einemultifokale Entstehung der Thromben. Unabhängig vom Prophylaxe-Mittel und der eingeleiteten Therapie machten die Thromben in den ersten 14 Tagen nach deren Entstehung folgende Veränderungen durch: 9 retrahierten sich, 6 verschwanden, ohne Wandveränderungen aufzuweisen, und 1 verschloß das befallene Gefäß noch vollständig. 2 Thromben verschwanden ohne jegliche Therapie; 4 weitere unter Heparin- und/oder Phenprocoumonbehandlung.
    Notes: Summary Phlebography was carried out in a prospective randomised, controlled study during which dextran and small doses of s.c. heparin have been compared in general surgical and urological patients, in 31 persons with proven deep vein thrombosis diagnosed with the125I-fibrinogen test. In 16 out of the 31 patients a second phlebogram could be performed two weeks later. In this study all thrombi occurred intraoperatively. In 24 of the 31 patients, the appearance of thrombi was multilocular. Independent of the prevention instituted and irrespective of the therapy, the following phenomena could be seen 14 days after the first phlebogram: 9 thrombi retracted, 6 disappeared completely and 1 occluded the vein completely. 2 thrombi disappeared without any therapy whatsoever, the 4 others disappeared in patients receiving heparin and/or coumarin for treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 12 (1977), S. 319-322 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Clonidine ; Yohimbine ; sleep ; REM sleep
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clonidine (300 µg orally) increased in man the total duration of sleep and strikingly reduced the duration of REM sleep. Yohimbine (10 mg per os) did not alter the sleep patterns in man but antagonized the effects of clonidine. These results provide evidence that an α sympathomimetic mechanism could suppress REM sleep and increased the total duration of sleep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: brain stem, cerebellum ; transtentorial displacement ; hydro-cephalus communicans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two oases of upward displacement of parts of the brain stem and the cerebellum are discussed. In both cases shunts for a hydrocephalus had been operating for a long time (three and a half years in one and seven months in the other). One infant had a meningomyelocele but no complete Arnold-Chiari malformation. The cause of the hydrocephalus in the other case was doubtful, but was thought to be transtentorial displacement of the brain stem and the cerebellum causing traction on the pons and consequent meningeal fibrosis with obstruction of the cisterna pontis. In this case osseous hypoplasia of the posterior fossa was excluded by craniometry, so the upward displacement must have been due to hypoplasia of the tentorium cerebelli and its low attachment to the occiput, bringing about a narrowing of the infratentorial space. The authors believe the condition to be a primary malformation, and reject the hypothesis of secondary herniation following long standing supratentorial decompression. The concept of a primary malformation is supported by previous descriptions of the condition in cases with spina bifida, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and hydrocephalus without shunting, as well as by other features in the cases which have been recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronic intermittent bipolar electrical stimulation of the left nucleus reticulatus polaris thalami was performed in a patient in a state of subcoma due to ischaemic infarction of wide medial parts of the midbrain, mainly the tegmentum, and the right-sided mediobasal parts of the forebrain. Stimulation immediately resulted in autonomic reactions and behavioural arousal reactions during the periods of stimulation. Longterm effect consisted of a rise in the level of clinical responsiveness for a period of seven weeks. A preexistent severe pneumonia disappeared completely after one week of stimulation and returned after seven weeks. The results are discussed on the basis of the pathoanatomical findings and of the physiological functions of the damaged as well as of the stimulated areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bipolar electrical stimulations of the rostral hippocampus and of the amygdala were performed at irregular intervals in wakeful unrestrained cats via chronically implanted glass-insulated stainless steel electrodes. The excitability of the stimulated tissue remained unchanged during the whole investigation period of six months up to one and a half years, as was revealed by regularly performed comparisons of shape, latency, and amplitude of evoked potentials elicited by electrical stimulation of the rostral hippocampus and recorded within the ipsilateral mammillary body. The histological examination of the stimulated tissue revealed a fibrillary gliosis due to the trauma caused by the insertion of the electrodes, but no signs of additional tissue damage due to electrical stimulation or chronic mechanical irritation. The results indicate that it is possible to perform therapeutic stimulations of deep brain structures for long periods without inducing relevant changes in morphology or electrical responsiveness of the stimulated tissue. No kindling phenomena are to be expected, if the stimulations are performed at irregular intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 4 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Db CAMP, 75–500 μg/kg), injected into the lateral ventricle of the brain of the cat increased blood pressure, heart rate and splanchnic discharge rate.2. ATP, but not AMP, induced similar changes; GMP in small doses increased blood pressure.3. A number of drugs are known to activate adenylate cyclase-induced hypertension, tachycardia and increase splanchnic discharge rate. This was shown for TRH, tetracosactide and a new β2-adrenoceptor stimulant, NAB 365.4. Injection into the lateral ventricle of theophylline or Ro 7/ 2956, both inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, similarly increased blood pressure.5. Histamine administered by the same route induced similar reactions; it is not known if this action was exerted by activation of H1- or H2-receptors.6. Somatostatin, known to reduce cAMP levels, induced a small but significant decrease in blood pressure. Melanocyte stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor (MIF) and TSH were ineffective.7. These results provide evidence for the possibility of a role for cAMP in the central regulation of blood pressure at suprabulbar levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR,-As visiting scientists at the Weiz-mann Institute, we find the recent UNESCO anti-Israel resolution doubly abhorrent. First, as scientists and educators, we are appalled at the biased, politicised and cowardly vote, which has made a travesty of an organisation established to help wipe out ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 296 (1977), S. 255-261 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Baroreceptor reflex arc ; Carotid sinus nerve ; Centrally mediated vagal bradycardia ; Fentanyl ; Nucleus of the solitary tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In dogs, anaesthetized with chloralose, fentanyl (5 μg/kg i.v.) augmented the bradycardia produced by electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves. In contrast, the same dose of the drug did not change the bradycardic response to stimulation of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) indicating that a central facilitation of baroreceptor impulses occurs within the NTS, probably at the first synapse of baroreceptor reflex fibres. Bilateral destruction of the NTS caused a ful-minating hypertension and tachycardia similar to that after cutting the baroreceptor afferent fibres. After both procedures, fentanyl (20 μg/kg i.v.) produced marked hypotension and bradycardia. The bradycardic effect was abolished by cutting both vagal nerves when the dogs were pretreated with a β-adrenoceptor blocking agent (S 2395, 50 μg/kg i.v.). The results provide evidence that the NTS is not the main site of action either for the hypotensive effect or for the vagally mediated bradycardia of fentanyl. Since the dorsal nucleus of the vagal nerve was destroyed together with the NTS, this nucleus does also not appear to be a major site of the action of fentanyl. Blockade of dopamine receptors by haloperidol or pimozide or of serotonin receptors by methysergide did not change the hypotensive, bradycardic and sympathoinhibitory effects of fentanyl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 210 (1975), S. 167-181 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Denervation atrophy ; Target and targetoid/core fibers ; Pathogenetic relation ; Voluntary muscle ; Muscle pathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im M. tibialis anterior eines 68 Jahre alt gewordenen Mannes, der 1/2 Jahr vor seinem Tode am Herzinfarkt eine rasch progrediente neurogene Muskelatrophie in den Beinen entwickelte, fanden sich außerordentlich zahlreiche unifokal-konzentrische Muskelfaserveränderungen wie Target-, Targetoid/Core- und Targetoidfasern. Außerdem sah man große vacuolisierte Faserquerschnitte mit multiplen fokalen Veränderungen in der Randzone, die an die früher beschriebenen „cytoplasmic bodies“ erinnerten; im vorliegenden Zusammenhang wurden sie allerdings als Fasern mit multizentrischen Target- und Targetoidformationen interpretiert. Die Targetfasern zeigten eine weitläufige Variation in der äußeren Erscheinungsform, die in der Zusammenschau kontinuierliche Übergänge zu Targetoid/Corefasern (mit dichter Zentralzone) und Targetoidfasern (mit zentraler Auflösung und Vermehrung aquösen Sarkoplasmas mit wenigen fibrillären Strukturen) erkennen ließ. Wenige Fasern mit einer zentralen Verdichtung fibrillären Materials mit oder ohne schmaler Intermediärzone waren Corefasern des Central-Core-Disease auffallend ähnlich; andere glichen mehr dem Typ von Targetoidfasern mit strukturdichtem Zentrum, wie sie in der früheren Literatur beschrieben wurden. Beide Formen wurden wegen ihrer großen Ähnlichkeit von Engel et al. (1966) unter dem Begriff „Targetoid/Core Fibers“ zusammengefaßt. Das gleichzeitige Auftreten der verschiedenen Formen konzentrischer Faserveränderungen in einem Muskel legt die Annahme nahe, daß zwischen allen eine enge Beziehung im Sinne unterschiedlicher Manifestationsstufen des grundsätzlich gleichen pathogenetischen Prozesses besteht. So wäre unter dieser Annahme beispielsweise das Central-Core-Disease eine Erkrankung mit einer Generalisation konzentrischer Faserveränderungen, die im frühesten morphologischen Entwicklungsstadium zum Stillstand gekommen sind.
    Notes: Summary In the m. tibialis anterior of a 68-year-old man with rapidly developing denervation atrophy in the legs since 1/2 year prior to death from heart stroke, abundant unifocal concentric fiber changes, such as target, targetoid/core, and targetoid fibers could be observed. Besides, large vacuolized fibers with multiple changes resembling cytoplasmic bodies in the peripheral zone were present as well; they are interpreted as fibers with multicentric target or targetoid formations. The target fibers displayed a broad variation of their outer appearance suggesting a continuous transition to targetoid/core fibers (with a dense center) and targetoid fibers (with a central change to aquous sarcoplasm showing a paucity of fibrillar structures). Very few fibers with a central densification of fibrillar material with or without a thin intermediate zone were fairly akin to core fibers of central core disease; others were more alike the type of targetoid fibers, previously described in the literature, showing a dense target-like center; both were summarized under the term, inaugurated by Engel et al. (1966), “targetoid/core fibers”. Simultaneous occurence of the different kinds of concentric fiber changes suggested a strong relation between all of them in the sense of representing different developmental stages of the same pathogenetic process. Thus, the central core disease, for instance, might be a disorder with a generalization of concentric fiber changes having come to arrest in the earliest stage of development.
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