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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-dependent motor activity and photonegative behavior in the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 111 (1976), S. 209-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light-dependent motor activity and phototactic behavior was investigated in 1) untreated, 2) blinded, and 3) blinded and pinealectomized eels (Anguilla anguilla L.). Neither blinding nor blinding combined with pinealectomy interfered with the observed nocturnal motor activity or the photonegative behavior characteristic for the untreated animals. However, an aluminum foil covering the skull of blinded animals altered the light-dependent motor activity pattern in contrast to blinded animals bearing a transparent plastic foil cover. Blinded animals with an aluminum foil covering the brain case exhibited a motor activity pattern resembling arrhythmicity. The motor activity pattern of 1) untreated, 2) blinded, as well as 3) blinded and pinealectomized eels followed an inversed light regime with a latency of about two days indicating that in the eel light is the dominatingZeitgeber triggering circadian motor activity patterns. The reported findings speak in favor of the existence of photosensitive areas in addition to the lateral eyes and the epiphysis cerebri. From the results of the covering experiments it is clear that these unknown photoreceptor sites must be located in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00605532
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence in the telencephalon and diencephalon of the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 176 (1977), S. 1-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Pituitary ; Formaldehyde-induced fluorescence ; Microspectrofluorometry ; Anguilla anguilla L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the telencephalon and diencephalon of the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) formaldehyde-induced fluorescence was studied microscopically and microfluorometrically with special emphasis on the innervation of the pituitary. In the telencephalon fluorescent fibers contained predominantly noradrenaline fluorophores. Fluorescent nuclei could not be established. In the diencephalon fluorescent perikarya were found in: (1) the paraventricular organ (PVO), possessing either dopamine or, to a lesser extent, serotonin fluorophores; (2) the PVO-accompanying group, exhibiting spectral data resembling those of noradrenaline fluorophores; (3) the nucleus hypothalami anterior (NHA), a small paired group of catecholamine-containing cells posterior to the commissura transversa. — The nucleus lobi inferioris exhibited a high density of delicate, most probably dopamine-containing terminals, while fibers surrounding this nucleus contained noradrenaline fluorophores. A high density of fluorescent terminals containing dopamine and/or noradrenaline was also found in the habenular complex. Fluorescent terminals in the pituitary contained fluorophores resembling either dopamine or noradrenaline. Fluorescent tracts entered the pituitary from different directions. A rostral, unpaired tract enters the neurointermediate lobe, as also verified experimentally. The rostral pars distalis receives two paired tracts, one from a rostral and one from a dorsal direction. The proximal pars distalis also receives two paired tracts, one from a dorsal and one from a posterior direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220340
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-natal development of the pineal organ in the hamsters Phodopus sungorus and Mesocricetus auratus (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 189 (1978), S. 241-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Phodopus sungorus ; Mesocricetus auratus ; Monoamine fluorescence ; Microspectrofluorometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In Phodopus sungorus, as in other mammals, the pineal organ forms an important link in the transduction of photoperiodic information to the endocrine system. The sympathetic innervation, via the superior cervical ganglion, controls the metabolism of serotonin and melatonin in the pineal, which in turn is involved in the control of the gonads. In the present study, the post-natal development of this system was investigated. Specimens 1, 5, 10, and 15 days post partum (p.p.) and adults were treated with monoamine-oxidase-inhibitor and perfused under ether anesthesia via the aorta with a buffer containing glyoxylic acid, formaldehyde and Mg++. The brains were then dissected out and treated according to Falck-Hillarp for fluorescence microscopy and microspectrofluorometry. Day 1: The nervi conarii had reached the pineal capsule, but only in a few cases was the pineal organ invaded and then only by a few fibers. Day 5: A rich green-fluorescing net of fibers was present in the entire organ, stalk and lamina intercalaris. No 5-HT fluorescence was observable. Day 10: Similar to the stage at 5 days a rich green-fluorescing nerve fiber net was observed throughout the pineal and a yellow fluorescence in the pineal perikarya. Day 15: The general appearance resembles the adult. The nerve fibers are masked by the intense yellow fluorescence of the pineal perikarya. Fading of the latter, however, allows the catecholamine fluorescence to be seen. Golden hamsters at an age of 15 days p.p. show a similar appearance to Phodopus at an age of 15 days. Microspectrofluorometric determinations indicated the catecholamine to be noradrenaline, and confirmed a 5-HT/5-HTP origin of the yellow fluorescence appearing between day 5 and day 10. The amount of 5-HT/5-HTP was considerably less at day 10 than at day 15 or in adults. Sympathectomy by extirpation of the superior cervical ganglion abolished the catecholamine fluorescence completely in the pineal body, stalk and lamina intercalaris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209273
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy on monoamine content in the epithalamic area of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): A fluorescence histochemical study (1979)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 201 (1979), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epithalamus ; Smpathectomy ; Monoamines ; Fluorescence histochemistry ; Mongolian gerbil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extirpation of the superior cervical ganglion was performed in a series of Mongolian gerbils. One or two weeks after the ganglionectomy the animals were injected with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Subsequently perfusion fixation was performed using the glyoxylic acid-paraformal-dehydemagnesium method (Lorén et al., 1976) for fluorescence histochemical investigation of the monoamines of the pineal complex. In the ganglionectomized animals all of the blue-fluorescent sympathetic fibers in the pineal complex (superficial pineal gland, deep pineal gland and the pineal stalk) completely disappeared. The yellow indolamine fluorescence of the cells in the superficial pineal and the deep pineal, as well as in the pineal stalk, was markedly reduced after ganglionectomy. No change in the morphology or number of sympathetic fibers in the medial habenular nucleus was observed. These results indicate that the presence of sympathetic nerve fibers with perikarya in the superior cervical ganglion is necessary for maintaining a high indolamine content in all three parts of the pineal complex. In addition, the results also indicate that the deep pineal gland is a functional part of the pineal complex. The presence of a functionally active deep pineal, bordering the pineal recess, suggests that part of the pineal hormones might be secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238042
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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