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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth profiles of chlorofluoromethanes in the Norwegian sea (1978)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 116 (1978), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Chlorofluoromethanes ; Stratospheric chlorine ; Oceanographic tracers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Depth profiles of the chlorofluoromethanes (CFM), CFCl3 and CF2Cl2, have been obtained together with tritium profiles from water samples collected in the Norwegian Sea between surface and 2800 m depth. CFM analysis was performed by vacuum extraction of the dissolved gases from 500 ml samples of seawater and subsequent gaschromatographic measurement. The CFM concentration decreases with depth to about 10 percent of surface concentration at depths below 2000 m. The same behaviour is found for the tritium content. From a correlation of the CFM and tritium concentration the upper limit of the preindustrial atmospheric CFM levels can be estimated to ≤5 percent of the present day concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01636910
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of β-methyl-digoxin determined after a single dose and under steady state conditions (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Absorption ; man ; β-methyl-digoxin ; serum concentration ; urinary excretion ; radio-immunoassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single doses of β-methyl-digoxin 0.4 mg were given to groups of 17 – 18 healthy volunteers as an intravenous infusion lasting 2 hours, or orally as Lanitop Liquidum® or Lanitop® tablets. The serum glycoside concentration and urinary glycoside excretion were measured over 8 and 32 h. The absolute bioavailability from the oral preparations in comparison with the infusion was lower for the first 8 h than for the entire 32 h of the investigation; the relative bioavailability from tablets was the same as from the solution for both periods. For both periods the area under the serum concentration/time curve and the urinary glycoside excretion were significantly lower after administration of the tablets than after intravenous infusion. Taking the average of both parameters, the absolute bioavailability of β-methyl-digoxin was about 80% from the solution and about 70% from the tablets. In 18 patients undergoing intravenous or oral therapy with β-methyl-digoxin steady state glycoside concentrations were compared in a cross-over study of intravenous maintenance therapy with Lanitop® ampoules or oral treatment with Lanitop® tablets. For a standard daily dose of 0.2 mg β-methyl-digoxin the serum concentrations were 1.35±0.10 ng/ml during both intravenous and oral administration. The intra-individual variation in glycoside concentration after changing from intravenous to oral maintenance therapy, or vice versa, was about the same as during continued intravenous or oral administration. It is concluded that the rate of rise of serum concentration after a single dose may be a useful indicator of the rate of absorption, but that the area under the serum concentration/time curve and the urinary glycoside excretion up to 32 h are unsuitable for determining equivalent doses of different formulations or routes of administration of digitalis glycosides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561665
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum glycoside concentrations after single or repeated intravenous doses ofβ-methyl-digoxin and digoxin (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 11 (1977), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: β-Methyl-digoxin ; digoxin ; intravenous administration ; man ; serum concentration ; renal clearance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the present investigation was to estimate the ratio of the intravenous doses ofβ-methyl-digoxin and digoxin required to produce identical serum glycoside concentrations in man. 20 patients on intravenous maintenance therapy were changed fromβ-methyl-digoxin to the identical dose of digoxin or vice versa. Each drug was given for 7 days. Serum concentrations 13% higher were found during administration ofβ-methyl-digoxin. Assuming a half life of 60 h after with drawal, the dose of digoxin producing the same minimum serum concentration was estimated to be 1.16 times higher than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin. 18 healthy volunteers received 0.4 mg β-methyldigoxin, and 23 the same dose of digoxin, as an intravenous infusion over 2 h. The serum concentrations and urinary glycoside excretion were measured over a period of 32 hrs. During the first hour after the infusion the serum concentration of digoxin declined more rapidly than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin. Thereafter, the ratio of the serum concentrations did not change appreciably up to the end of the investigation. The area under the serum concentration/time curve was about 13% greater forβ-methyl-digoxin than for digoxin; this difference was not significant. The average renal clearance was 96±9 ml forβ-methyl-digoxin, 151±13 ml for digoxin. Since the total body clearance of digoxin is only about 1.16 times higher than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin, the lower renal clearance ofβ-methyl-digoxin must partly be compensated by higher extrarenal clearance. From the ratios of the areas under the serum concentration/time curves after single doses of β-methyldigoxin and digoxin, and the minimum serum concentrations during maintenance therapy, it was concluded that the dose of digoxin to produce the same average serum concentrations would be about 1.15 times higher than that ofβ-methyl-digoxin. In comparison with the large variations in individual dosage of digoxin andβ-methyl-digoxin, this difference is too small to be of practical importance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606413
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological Difference Between Non-AFP-producing and AFP-producing Hepatocellular Carcinomas (HC) (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eight non-AFP-producing HC are compared with unselected AFP-producing ones. All patients were males and suffered from cirrhosis. As criteria for biological malignancy only invasion of blood vessels and/or metastases were accepted. The patients' sera were tested during life at least twice by means of a modified electrophoretic method and the RIA. The comparison of both groups with regard to growing type, grade of differentiation, production of bile, metastasizing, necrosis, and duration of subjective symptoms before death seems to indicate a somewhat more ‘benign’ behaviour of non-AFP-producing HC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb03951.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Significance of Liver Scintigraphy Using 67 Ga and AFP Determination as Screening for Primary Cancer of the Liver (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In 100 patients of a 5 year prospective study, primary cancer of the liver could be demonstrated in almost 100% using AFP determination in the serum and combined 67 Gallium scintigraphy. By separate evaluation of the AFP results or 67 Gallium scintigraphy an accuracy of only 80% could be demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb03953.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Evaluation of Combined Determination of AFP and LP-X in a 4 Year Prospective Study (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In a prospective study 4,000 patients of a gastroenterologic and haematologic department were screened for AFP and LP-X. X-ray, endoscopic and scintigraphic examinations concerning liver and bile ducts were performed. Only histologically confirmed results were used for the evaluation of this prospective study. Applying combination of these methods enabled the differential diagnosis of localized liver diseases and increased additional information in cases of parenchymal damage of the liver up to 35%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1978.tb03945.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    173. Diagnostische Effizienz der rectal-digitalen Untersuchung : Ergebnis einer prospektiven Studie bei 2000 Patienten (1978)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 347 (1978), S. 662-663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Carcinoma colorectal ; Polyps colorectal ; Rectal digital examination, diagnostic efficacy of ; Dickdarmcarcinom ; Dickdarmpolyp ; Vergleich: rectal digitale-endoskopische Untersuchung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 2000 Patienten von zwei Ärzten rectal-digital untersucht, und anschließend rektoskopiert. Es fanden sich 312 Tumore (127 Carcinome), 463 sonstige pathologische Befunde, 1225 Untersuchungen waren o.B. 75 von 312 Tumoren (24,0%) wurden von mindestens einem, 44 (14,1%) von beiden richtig getastet. Von den Tumoren, die auf den ersten 10 cm ab ano lagen, wurden nur 44% getastet, 56% der in dieser Region gelegenen und in zahlreichen Retrospektivstudien als palpabel bezeichnete Tumore konnten nicht getastet werden.
    Notes: Summary Of utmost importance is the fact that, of the tumors located in the first 10 cm ab ano, only 44% were palpable and 56% were not palpable. In a prospective study 2000 patients were examined by two medical doctors rectal-digitally and by rectoscopy. The findings included 312 tumors (127 carcinomas) and 463 other pathologic conditions. 1225 examinations were without pathologic findings. Seventy-five of 312 tumors (24.0%) were palpable for one of the examiners; 44 (14,1%) were palpated by both examiners. Therefore rectal digital examination is not apt to uncover midrectal tumors; rectoscopy should be performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01579466
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On countably compact, locally countable spaces (1979)
    Springer
    Periodica mathematica Hungarica 10 (1979), S. 193-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2829
    Keywords: Primary 54A25 ; 54D35 ; Secondary 02K05 ; Countably compact spaces ; locally countable spaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study the cardinalities of countably compact, locally countableT 3 spaces. For alln(〈ω), there exists one of cardinalityω n . IfV=L, then there exists one of cardinalityx iffx=ω orx ω =x. MA implies that there exists one of cardinality〉2ω.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02025892
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