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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Une transition métal–isolant dans V0,90Nb0,10O2 due à un appariement local des atomes de vanadium (1974)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffuse scattering from V0.90Nb0.10O2 shows that the metal-to-insulator phase transition which occurs around - 25°C without an overall structural change can be explained by local pairing of the vanadium atoms. This local order, which recalls the low-temperature insulating structure of pure VO2, is two dimensional and occurs in the (110) planes of the average rutile structure with little correlation between successive parallel (110) atomic planes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S056773947400009X
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude des phases haute température de NaNb3 et des correlations qui les caracterisent (1974)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 30 (1974), S. 423-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: From the study of X-ray diffuse scattering diagrams, it has been shown that the diffuse scattering located along three equivalent reciprocal rods (100) in the cubic phase disappears successively at 641, 575 and 520°C. The interpretation is given in terms of planar local order.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739474000921
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Désordre linéaire dans les cristaux (cas du silicium, du quartz, et des pérovskites ferroélectriques) (1970)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 26 (1970), S. 244-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Many crystals produce a diffuse scattering of X-rays which is localized in a series of relplanes. It is shown that the corresponding linear disorder in the crystal may have various origins. In silicon, the scattering is due to thermal vibrations and is well explained by the elastic properties of the crystal. In neutron irradiated quartz the radiation damage is responsible for the major part of the scattering. The case of BaTiO3 and KNbO3 is discussed in detail. A linear disorder is proposed which accounts better for the different distributions of the scattering in the 4 allotropic phases than the alternative explanation of the soft mode. In spite of some neutron inelastic scattering results it is not yet possible to distinguish between static and dynamic disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S056773947000061X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffuse scattering from NaNbO3 as a function of temperature (1971)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 27 (1971), S. 414-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A qualitative description of the X-ray diffuse scattering from NaNbO3 single crystals as a function of temperature up to 800°C is given. Two types of distinct diffuse scattering where observed in {100} reciprocal planes and on (100) reciprocal axes. While the diffuse scattering in reciprocal planes shows no critical behaviour at the different phase transitions and can be attributed to a `linear disorder' similar to that suggested earlier for KNbO3, the diffuse scattering on reciprocal axes is critical in the vicinity of the 641°C phase transition. The atomic displacements involved with the linear disorder that persists up to 800°C are attributed to the niobium atoms; the critical planar disorder in the cubic phase is attributed to rotations of oxygen octahedra similar to those suggested for SrTiO3 and KMnF3. Both types of disorder exist in the cubic paraelectric phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739471000950
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective defoliation by sheep according to slope and plant species in the hill country of New Zealand (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The objective of the study was to evaluate the grazing behaviour by sheep in hill country paddocks in New Zealand which had received two long-term fertilization and stocking rate treatments [high fertility–high stocking rate (HH); low fertility–low stocking rate (LL)]. Herbage accumulation and selective grazing were evaluated within low slope (LS), medium slope (MS) and high slope (HS) categories. Transects lines were placed and tillers of Agrostis capillaris and Lolium perenne in the LS category; A. capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum and L. perenne in the MS category; and A. capillaris and A. odoratum in the HS category were marked. The leaf length of each marked tiller was measured and used to determine selective grazing over 3 weeks during each season. The highest herbage accumulation rates were during spring and the lowest in summer and winter. The LS category showed the highest herbage accumulation rates and HS the lowest. Except for autumn, the marked tillers were more frequently grazed in the HH than in the LL paddock. During summer, autumn and spring, grazing frequency in the slope categories was in the order LS 〉 MS 〉 HS. During winter sheep did not discriminate between slope category. During summer, autumn and spring, sheep did not selectively graze the species studied but this was not the case during winter. Overall, sheep selectively grazed L. perenne. In all the seasons L. perenne consistently had the longest leaves but within species there was no consistent relationship between leaf length and probability of being grazed. Selective grazing changed through the year according to herbage accumulation rate. Sheep concentrated grazing in the category LS when herbage accumulation rate was high, but they did not discriminate between slope categories in winter when herbage accumulation rate was low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2494.2003.00386.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated Serum Heat-Shock Protein 70 Levels in Patients with Acute Infection: Use of an Optimized Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Heat-shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved throughout evolution and evoke great interest both in basic biology and in medicine. They are expressed in small quantities under normal conditions, and their expression can be strongly induced by several stressors. Although their action is basically intracellular, it is now obvious that these proteins can be released into the extracellular environment from viable cells. In this study, the human Hsp 70 serum concentrations were determined using an optimized, cost-effective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The average intra-assay variation was 6%, whereas the average interassay variation was 9%. The sensitivity of the assay was 10 ng/ml, and spiking experiments showed recoveries between 101 and 109%. As an application of the technique, we have investigated the serum levels of human Hsp 70 in patients with infection and in healthy subjects. Our data show significantly higher levels of Hsp 70 (P  = 0.003) in patients compared to control subjects. Positive correlations were noticed between the serum levels of Hsp 70 and various markers of inflammation (IL-6; r = 0.579, P = 0.009, TNF-α; r  = 0.552, P  = 0.012, IL-10; r  = 0.361, P = 0.002). We conclude that Hsp 70 is involved in inflammation of infectious origin. The interindividual variation in the serum concentration of Hsp 70 precludes the use of serum Hsp 70 levels to distinguish patients from healthy subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2003.01341.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Umstellung von typischen auf atypische Neuroleptika Richtlinien zur ambulanten und stationären Behandlung (2000)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 859-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schizophrenie ; Typische Antipsychotika ; Atypische Antipsychotika ; Umstellung ; Keywords Schizophrenia ; Conventional antipsychotics ; Atypical antipsychotics ; Conversion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The introduction of atypical antipsychotics has presented new options for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenic patients. It is assumed that in the near future, neuroleptic medication will shift from conventional to atypical antipsychotics for an increasing number of patients. The present article addresses guidelines for the conversion from conventional to atypical neuroleptics in inpatient and outpatient settings.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit der Einführung der atypischen Antipsychotika haben sich neue Möglichkeiten in der pharmakotherapeutischen Behandlung schizophrener Patienten ergeben. Es ist anzunehmen, dass in den folgenden Jahren viele weitere Patienten von typischen auf atypische Präparate umgestellt werden. Der vorliegende Artikel befasst sich mit stationären und ambulanten Richtlinien zur Umstellung von typischen Neuroleptika auf atypische Antipsychotika. Diskutiert werden Möglichkeiten der Identifizierung geeigneter Kandidaten, Empfehlungen bei der Auswahl des atypischen Antipsychotikums und praktische Vorgehensweisen bei der Umstellung. Ergänzend werden Dosierungsrichtlinien der einzelnen atypischen Antipsychotika, mögliche Entzugssyndrome und andere Komplikationen des Präparatewechsels sowie substanzspezifische Aspekte der Umstellung dargestellt. Ein letztes Kapitel befasst sich mit den notwendigen psychotherapeutischen Interventionen, die im Rahmen einer Umstellung der antipsychotischen Medikation beachtet werden sollten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050677
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ambient pH signalling in ascomycetous yeasts involves homologues of theAspergillus nidulans genes palF and palH (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 263 (2000), S. 505-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsYarrowia lipolytica ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Ambient pH signalling ; Signal transduction ; Transmembrane protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Yarrowia lipolytica, the transcription factor Rim101p mediates both pH regulation and control of mating and sporulation. Like its homologues PacC of Aspergillus nidulans and Rim101p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, YlRim101p is activated by proteolytic C-terminal processing, which occurs in response to a signal transduced by a pathway involving several PAL gene products. We report here the cloning and sequencing of two of these genes, PAL2 and PAL3. PAL2 encodes a putative 632-residue protein with six possible transmembrane segments, which differs from the transmembrane proteins Rim9p of S. cerevisiae and PalI of A. nidulans, but is homologous to A. nidulans PalH and to the product of the ORF YNL294c, a predicted polypeptide of unknown function in S. cerevisiae. PAL3 encodes an 881-residue polypeptide that is homologous to PalF of A. nidulans and to a newly identified putative polypeptide of S. cerevisiae. Both PAL2 and PAL3 are expressed constitutively, regardless of ambient pH. Mutations in these genes affect growth at alkaline pH and sporulation in both Y. lipolytica and in S. cerevisiae. They affect invasiveness of haploid strains in S. cerevisiae only, and conjugation in Y. lipolytica only. These results highlight the conservation of the Pal pathway initially described in A. nidulans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051195
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Markers of tissue hypoperfusion in pediatric septic shock (2000)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 26 (2000), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Sepsis ; Lactate ; Pyruvate ; Ketone bodies ; Carnitine ; Gastric mucosa ; Child
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To describe measurements of global oxygenation parameters, markers of splanchnic hypoperfusion and those of metabolic activity related to cellular energy production among critically ill children with septic shock.¶Design: Clinical study of a series of cases.¶Patients and participants: 11 previously healthy children with septic shock admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital.¶Interventions: None.¶Measurements and results: Oxygen consumption, oxygen delivery (DO2), serum bicarbonate, arterial pH, gastric intramucosal pH (pHi), gastroarterial carbon dioxide tension gradient, serum lactate, pyruvate, lactate to pyruvate ratio (L/P), ketone body ratio, and the esterified to free carnitine ratio were measured serially at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after admission to the pediatric ICU. All children survived. One patient failed to show supranormal DO2 ( 〉 570 ml/min per m2). Normalization of serum bicarbonate and lactate were associated with patient recovery. One patient presented an increasingly abnormal L/P ratio with normal lactate levels, suggesting an increased utilization of pyruvate rather than an increased cytosolic redox potential. Although values of gastric pHi 〈 7.30 were observed in 43 % of samples, serial measurements in individuals showed significant variability and unpredictable trends. Free fatty acid concentrations, ketone body production, and carnitine levels remained within the normal range.¶Conclusions: In this study, trends in serum bicarbonate and lactate somewhat characterized the recovery of children with septic shock. Based on our data, it is unclear how other markers may have been used to modify therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050015
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for ionic clusters in butadiene-methacrylic acid copolymers neutralized with various salts (1974)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 12 (1974), S. 115-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Effects of neutralization on butadiene-methacrylic acid copolymers have been studied. In Hycar CTB with 2% acid groups, small-angle x-ray scattering gives evidence of some cation clustering and leads to a value of the mean radius of 5.6 Å for the clusters and a value of the distance between them of 70 Å. When the concentration of salt is increased there is no appreciable change in the distance between clusters or in their size, but their number increases. The structure of clusters has been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance in copolymers neutralized with copper salts. The appearance of a line as in the monohydrated acetate salt permits one to define the structure of clusters consisting of two Cu2+ and four RCOO- ions with two H2O or RCOOH molecules. When the temperature is increased, the signal corresponding to Cu2+-Cu2+ pairs disappears. In high molecular weight butadiene methacrylic acid copolymers with 9% acid groups, we have found the ion pair clusters gathered into larger clusters. In dynamic mechanical properties, a relaxation peak appears at 340°K. We interpret this as due to breaking and possible re-forming of dipolar associations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1974.180120110
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