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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 120-122 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The possible mechanism of neuropathic effect of chinoform was investigated using cultured retinal neuroblasts from chick embryos. Retinal neuroblasts completely degenerated by chinoform-ferric chelate within a day. This change, however, was not observed with free chinoform or ferric ion.a-Tocopherol had a potent protective effect on the toxicity of the chelate. From these results, it was concluded that the lipid peroxidation due to ferric ion chelated with chinoform incorporated into the membrane of nerve tissues is the most important step in induction of the neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 18 (1974), S. 379-397 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The macrocyclic polyethers 4′-methylbenzo-15-crown-5 (15C5) and 4′-methylbenzo-18-crown-6 (18C6) as well as the corresponding crown polymers and crown-styrene copolymers were used as carriers for the transport of sodium and potassium picrate or the corresponding chlorides across a stirred, chloroform membrane. The observation of pronounced bathochromic shifts in the optical spectra of picrate salts on increasing the interionic ion pair distance could be utilized in determining the nature and structure of the migrating species. These species were found to be ion pair crown complexes of at least two kinds, viz., crown-complexed tight ion pairs and crown-separated ion pairs. The feasibility to thus identify the detailed structure of the migrating ionic entity is important as solvents of low polarity such as chloroform or hexane have been used as liquid membranes to represent the interior of biomembranes. The structure of the ion pair is expected to be an important consideration in correlating properties such as membrane potentials or cation selectivities with ionic distribution equilibria. Ion pair extraction equilibrium constants were determined in the H2O−CHCl3 system for the various crown species. The values for 18C6 with sodium and potassium picrate are nearly the same as those for the corresponding polymers. The same was found with 15C5 and sodium picrate; but the potassium forms, in addition to a 1∶1 complex, a 1∶2 complex with 15C5, making the corresponding polymer a more effective extracting agent. The ionic distribution data were interpreted in terms of the salt partition coefficients and the complex formation constants of the ion pair crown complexes in chloroform. The salt migration across the liquid membrane was found to be controlled by the diffusion of the ion pair complex in the chloroform, the extraction equilibrium across the interphase being rapidly established. The thickness of the diffusion layer adjacent to the water-chloroform interphase was estimated to be 50 μ. The ratios of the salt fluxes under otherwise identical conditions were found to be governed by the extraction equilibrium constants, the selectivity ratio for the potassium-to-sodium picrate with 18C6 being 118. This ratio, which was also determined for other crown species, was found to be anion dependent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 42 (1981), S. 362-370 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Carotid baroreceptor ; Pain afferents ; Pontine neurone ; Rat ; Supraoptic nucleus neurone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects of pressure stimulation of the isolated carotid sinus, of occlusion of the common carotid artery and of tail pinching on the discharge activity of dorsal pontine area neurones and antidromically identified supraoptic neurosecretory neurones were studied in male rats anaesthetized with urethane. Electrical stimulation of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) produced antidromically conducted action potentials in a small number (24/384) of the units recorded in the dorsal pontine area. Pressure pulse stimulation of the isolated carotid sinus inhibited and carotid occlusion facilitated discharge activity in some of the tested dorsal pontine area neurones. In these responsive pontine neurones a transient excitation of grouped discharges was occasionally observed to concur with a small, spontaneous depression of the arterial blood pressure. Tail pinching excited some of these pontine neurones. Histological examination revealed that these responsive neurones were located in the dorsal pontine area close, but ventral and lateral, to the locus coeruleus. Electrical stimulation of the dorsal pons evoked a synaptically mediated excitation in 20 and inhibition in the other seven of the 52 SON units which were identified antidromically after stimulation of the pituitary stalk. Pressure stimulation of the isolated carotid sinus evoked an inhibition of discharge activity in some of the SON units which were excited by dorsal pontine area stimulation. All of the six tested units which showed inhibition after dorsal pontine area stimulation were unresponsive to pressure stimulation. Based on these data, it was concluded that at least some of the neurones which mediate carotid baroreceptor inputs to SON neurosecretory neurones are located in the dorsal pontine area close, but ventral and lateral, to the locus coeruleus and that these dorsal pontine area neurones also mediate converging synaptic inputs originating from somatic pain receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 39 (1980), S. 121-124 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Amygdala ; Medial preoptic nucleus ; Median eminence ; Rat ; Synaptic plasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stimulation-dependent changes in synaptic effects were observed in medial preoptic nucleus neurones during stimulation of the amygdala or pyriform cortex in anaesthetized female rats. The changes occurred after 35–240 triple pulse stimuli repeated at 0.89 Hz. Median eminence stimulation did not produce any synaptic change. These data show the existence of synaptic plasticity in the neural pathway from the amygdala and pyriform cortex to the medial preoptic nucleus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 48 (1982), S. 420-428 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: ADH-neurone ; Amygdala ; Rat ; Supraoptic nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects of amygdala stimulation on the discharge activity of antidromically identified supraoptic neurosecretory neurones were studied in male rats anaesthetized with urethane. Stimulation of the medial and the basal amygdala produced excitation or inhibition of discharge activity both in phasically firing (“phasic”) and in continuously firing (”continuous”) neurones. More “phasic” neurones were excited than were inhibited after medial amygdala stimulation. On the other hand, fewer “continuous” neurones were excited by stimulation of the either amygdala area than were inhibited. This difference of responsiveness between “phasic” and “continuous” neurones is statistically significant. Synaptic inputs to supraoptic neurosecretory neurones after amygdala stimulation were also observed in rats with a lesion of the stria terminalis. Supraoptic nucleus stimulation activated antidromically 14 of the 336 amygdala neurones tested. Since “phasic” neurones have been identified as ADH-secreting neurones, it is concluded that ADH-secreting neurones in the rat supraoptic nucleus receive predominantly excitatory synaptic inputs from the medial amygdala and these amygdalar synaptic inputs are mediated by pathways which are at least in part monosynaptic and are not included in the stria terminalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 1430-1432 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass Chinoform, 5-chloro 7-iodo 8-quinolinol, mit Mikrosomen der Rattenleber weder hydroxyliert noch dehalogeniert werden kann. Inkubation mit Chinoform vermindert die Komponenten des elektronischen Transfersystems, was auch mit in vivo-Versuchen festgestellt wurde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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