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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 830-832 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Am Kaninchen-Ileum besteht die durch Temperaturerhöhung bedingte Rechtsverschiebung der Dosis-Wirkungs-Kurven von Isoprenalin und Th 1165a aus einem reversiblen und einem irreversiblen Anteil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 1325-1326 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Versuche am Ileum des Kaninchens und der Trachea des Meerschweinchens mit dem Resorcinderivat Orciprenalin7 bei 25 bis 42°C führten zu folgenden Ergebnissen: Temperaturerhöhung verminderte am Ileum die Affinität des Orciprenalins, an der Trachea dagegen war sie ohne Einfluss8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The histamine blocking properties of burimamide and promethazine were determined on heart rate and contractility of the right and left atrium of the guinea-pig. (1) The positive chronotropic effect in spontaneously beating guinea-pig atria was competitively blocked by burimamide, but not by promethazine. (2) On the other hand, promethazine proved to be a potent antagonist against the positive inotropic response elicited by histamine on the electrical stimulated (2 Hz) left guinea-pig atrium, whereas burimamide was ineffective. (3) The positive inotropic response to histamine on the right atrium was affected by both antihistaminic drugs investigated. It should, however, be stressed that the blocking efficacy of both antagonists was less pronounced than that evoked by burimamide on the chronotropic and by promethazine on the inotropic effect on right and left atrium, respectively. (4) These results suggest that on guinea-pig heart the positive chronotropic effect elicited by histamine is mediated by ‘burimamide sensitive’ H2-receptors, whereas the positive inotropic effect evoked by histamine is mediated by ‘promethazine sensitive’ H1-receptors. The observation that the positive inotropic effect of histamine on the spontaneously beating right atrium could be antagonized by both types of antihistamines favours the view that part of the positive inotropic response to histamine on this preparation is due to a positive frequency-force relationship (Bowditch-Treppe).
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Rabbit heart ; β-adrenolytic drugs ; Nerve induced transmitteroverflow ; Inhibition of noradrenaline uptake ; Local anesthetic activity ; Kaninchenherz ; β-Adrenolytica ; Transmitter-Overflow nach Nervenreiz ; Hemmung der Noradrenalinaufnahme ; Lokalanaesthetische Wirksamkeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. An isolierten, perfundierten Kaninchenherzen mit erhaltener sympathischer Innervation erhöhen dieβ-Adrenolytica Bupranolol und Pindolol den Transmitter-Overflow nach Reizung der postganglionären sympathischen Nerven. Beide Pharmaca hemmen außerdem die Noradrenalinaufnahme in das Herz. Diese beiden Wirkungen sind, wie die Dosis-Wirkungs-Kurven zeigen, nicht abhängig von derβ-adrenolytischen Wirkung dieser Substanzen. 2. An der Cornea des Kaninchens verursachen Bupranolol und Pindolol eine dem Tetracain vergleichbare anaesthetische Wirkung. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zweier weitererβ-Blocker ergaben, daß (±)-Propranolol 1,5mal stärker lokalanaesthetisch wirkt als Tetracain. Beide optischen Isomere des INPEA dagegen zeigen bis zu Konzentrationen von 10−2 M keine lokalanaesthetische Wirkung. 3. Die Verstärkung des Transmitter-Overflow durch die hier untersuchtenβ-Adrenolytica ist wahrscheinlich verursacht durch die Hemmwirkung auf den Noradrenalin-Aufnahmemechanismus.
    Notes: Summary 1. Theβ-adrenolytic drugs bupranolol (KL 255) and pindolol enhanced the transmitter-overflow evoked by stimulation of the post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves in isolated perfused rabbit hearts. They also inhibited the noradrenaline removal from the perfusion fluid by the heart. The dose-response curves indicated that these effects are not correlated to theβ-adrenolytic activity of the drugs. 2. Bupranolol and pindolol exerted a local anesthetic action comparable with that of tetracaine in rabbit cornea. Comparative investigations of two furtherβ-blockers reveal (±)-propranolol 1.5 times more active than tetracaine as calculated by the ED50-values. On the other hand, theβ-adrenolytic (−)-isomer of INPEA as well as the inactive (+)-isomer are without any local anesthetic effect at all. 3. It is very likely, that the enhanced transmitter-overflow caused by the investigatedβ-blockers is causally related to their inhibitory action on the noradrenaline uptake mechanism.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Anesthetized cat ; Sympathomimetic drugs ; Bronchoselectivity ; Cardiovascular actions ; Isolated organs ; Katze ; Sympathikomimetika ; Bronchoselektivität ; Kardiale Wirkungen ; Isolierte Organe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Konzett u. Rößler wurde die bronchorelaxierende Wirkung der Sympathikomimetika Isoprenalin, Th 1165a, Terbutalin und Salbutamol an der narkotisierten Katze gemessen. Weiterhin wurden der Anstieg vondp/dt max, der Herzfrequenz und die Senkung des mittleren arteriellen Druckes bestimmt. Für alle diese Parameter wurden die negativen Logarithmen der EC50 berechnet. — Weitere Versuche wurden an isolierten, elektrisch gereizten Vorhöfen sowie der Trachealkette des Meerschweinchens bei 37°C durchgeführt, um die Affinitäten der verwendeten Sympathikomimetikain vitro zu bestimmen. 1. Narkotisierte Katze. Die maximalen Wirkungen der drei kardiovasculären Parameter von Th 1165a, Terbutalin und Salbutamol waren untereinander vergleichbar und unterschieden sich nicht von denen des Isoprenalins. Der negative Logarithmus der EC50 für den Anstieg vondp/dt max sowie den Frequenzanstieg war für Isoprenalin am größten und nahm in der Reihenfolge Th 1165a, Terbutalin = Salbutamol ab. Das gleiche galt für die Senkung des mittleren arteriellen Druckes. Isoprenalin war etwa 10mal wirksamer als Salbutamol. Dagegen unterschied sich die bronchorelaxierende Wirkung dieser Pharmaka nur um den Faktor von 3. Die Bronchoselektivität definiert als die Differenz der negativen Logarithmen der EC50 für Bronchodilatation und Anstieg vondp/dt max bzw. der Herzfrequenz war für Terbutalin am höchsten. 2. Isolierte Organe. Die Affinität dieser Substanzen, gemessen als pD2-Wert, nahm am Vorhof von 7,76 für Isoprenalin auf 5,03 für Terbutalin ab. Die „intrinsic activity“ betrug 1,0 für Isoprenalin und Th 1165a, aber 0,56 bzw. 0,3 für Terbutalin bzw. Salbutamol. An der Trachealkette hatten alle untersuchten Pharmaka eine intrinsic activity von 1,0. Die Differenz der pD2-Werte für die Bronchorelaxation und die positiv inotrope Wirkung ergab die höchste Selektivität für Salbutamol. 3. Die Ergebnissein vitro zeigen eine spezifische bronchorelaxierende Wirkung von Salbutamol, Terbutalin und Th 1165a. Die Konzentration von Salbutamol für die halbmaximale positiv inotrope Wirkungin vitro war 250mal höher als die für die Relaxation der Trachealkette.In vivo betrug der Konzentrationsabstand zwischen der positiv inotropen Wirkung (dp/dt) und der Bronchodilatation dagegen nur 3,8. Alle untersuchten Pharmaka verursachenin vivo vergleichbare kardiovasculäre Nebenwirkungen, wenn höhere Konzentrationen verwendet werden.
    Notes: Summary In anesthetized cats the bronchodilator action of isoprenaline (IPN), Th 1165a, terbutaline and salbutamol was measured by the method of Konzett and Rößler. Determined were in addition the following cardiovascular effects: increase indp/dt max of the left ventricular pressure and heart rate as well as decrease of mean arterial pressure (MAP). In order to compare the bronchodilator and the cardiovascular efficacy, the negative logarithms of the EC50 were calculated for the parameter aforementioned. — Further experiments were performedin vitro on the isolated electrically driven guinea-pig atrium and on the tracheal chain at 37°C in order to estimate the affinities of theβ sympathomimetics. 1. Anesthetized Cats. The maximal cardiovascular responses for Th 1165a, terbutaline and salbutamol were identical and did not differ from those for isoprenaline. On the other hand, the increase ofdp/dt max and the positive chronotropic effect — expressed as the negative logarithms of the EC50 — declined as follows: isoprenaline \s〉 Th 1165a \s〉 terbutaline = salbutamol. The same was true for the decrease of MAP. IPN was always 10 times more effective than salbutamol. The bronchodilator activity of these drugs differed only by a factor of three. Terbutaline showed the greatest bronchoselectivity, calculated as the difference of the negative logarithms of EC50 for bronchodilation minus that for the increase ofdp/dt max, on the one hand and the corresponding differences between bronchodilation and increase in heart rate on the other. 2. Isolated Organs. The affinity — given as the pD2 value — of these drugs to theβ receptors of the atrium declined from isoprenaline (7.76) to terbutaline (5.03). The intrinsic activities were lower for terbutaline (0.56) and salbutamol (0.3) than for IPN (1.0) and Th 1165a (1.0), whereas on the tracheal chain they were identical (1.0). The subtraction of the pD2 value for the positive inotropic effect from that for tracheal relaxation showed salbutamol most bronchoselectivein vitro. 3. The present results show a high bronchoselective action of salbutamol, terbutaline and Th 1165ain vitro, whereasin vivo their selectivity is much less pronounced. For the drug with the highest bronchoselectivityin vitro — salbutamol — the concentration necessary to evoke a halfmaximal increase of positive inotropic action is 250-fold higher than that for tracheal relaxation.In vivo, on the other hand, only a 3.8-fold higher concentration is required for the increase ofdp/dt max than for bronchodilation. In addition, all three drugs evoke clear cut cardiovascular side effects when using higher concentrations.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 275 (1972), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Temperature ; β-Receptors ; Guinea-Pig Atrium ; Affinity ; Adrenergic Drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using electrically stimulated guinea-pig atria the influence of temperature on the contractility and on the efficacy of some β-sympathomimetic and-lytic drugs, was studied. The following results were obtained. 1. Raising the temperature of the bath fluid from 25–42°C decreased significantly the developed amplitude of contraction under control conditions, whereas dT/dt max values were not altered. The maximal developed tension induced by the sympathomimetic drugs decreased at 42°C. The corresponding dT/dt max values, on the other hand, were increased by elevation of the temperature. 2. The dose-response curves of the sympathomimetic drugs isoprenaline (IPN), Th 1165a and orciprenaline (OPN) were shifted to the right when the temperature was increased from 25–42°C. The affinity of IPN at 33°C was found about 30- and 100-times higher than that of Th 1165a and OPN, respectively. 3. The β-adrenolytic drug pindolol (LB 46), as well as the cardioselective β-blocker, practolol, antagonized the β-sympathomimetic effects evoked by IPN and Th 1165a in a competitive manner. As indicated by the pA2 values, pindolol had a 100-times higher affinity than practolol. The present results lead to the conclusion that, on the guinea-pig atrium, the agonist β-receptor reaction depends on the metabolic rate of this organ.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 276 (1973), S. 63-70 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Isolated Organs ; Adrenergic α- and β-Receptors ; Temperature ; Metabolic Inhibition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Under the conditions of altered temperature or metabolic inhibition experiments have been carried out on isolated organs with adrenergic α- and β-receptors, i.e., on rabbit ileum and guinea-pig vas deferens and atrium. Using phenylephrine as a selective α-adrenergic stimulant we were interested to determine whether or not an alteration of the metabolic conditions was capable of causing changes in the affinity of phenylephrine which were identical for the α- and β-receptors. 1. Rabbit Ileum. At 25°C the affinity of phenylephrine to the inhibitory adrenergic α-receptors was 100 times higher than to the β-receptors. Its affinity to the α-receptors was not influenced by raising the temperature or inhibiting the metabolic rate by iodoacetic acid (IAA), whereas that to the β-receptors was diminished to a great extent by raising the temperature. Preincubation at 42°C with the metabolic inhibitor IAA increased the affinity to β-receptors so that it was similar to that at 25°C. 2. Vas Deferens. The excitatory α-mimetic effect of phenylephrine was similarly unaltered by raising the temperature of the bath from 25° to 42°C. IAA did not affect responses to phenylephrine. 3. Guinea-Pig Atrium. An increase of the temperature from 25° to 42°C significantly decreased the affinity of phenylephrine to the β-receptors, whereas IAA at 42°C increased it almost to control values at 25°C. 4. The experiments show that the sensitivity of α-receptors is not altered by an increase of temperature irrespective of whether the α-receptors are mediating inhibitory or excitatory effects, whereas that of the β-receptors is depressed. These results favour the hypothesis that stimulation of α-receptors is independent of, while that of the β-receptors is strongly dependent on the metabolic rate.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Atrium ; Guinea Pig ; Rabbit ; Cardiostimulation ; Phenylephrine ; β-Adrenoceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments were performed on isolated electrically driven and spontaneously beating atria from guinea pigs and rabbits in order to characterize the cardiostimulatory effect of phenylephrine as either β- or α-sympathomimetic. 1. In electrically driven left atria (1 and 2 Hz) of guinea pigs the positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine was competitively antagonized by the β-adrenolytic drug pindolol but not by the α-adrenolytic agent phentolamine. The same was true for electrically driven (2 Hz) atria of rabbits. The intrinsic activity for phenylephrine amounted to only 0.3 in the guinea-pig atrium and 0.46 in the rabbit atrium. Also in preparations from reserpine-pretreated guinea pigs the positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine was blocked by pindolol and remained uninfluenced by phentolamine. Pretreatment with reserpine did not change the intrinsic activity of phenylephrine. Three other α-sympathomimetic drugs, oxymetazoline methoxamine and naphazoline did not cause any positive inotropic effect. 2. In spontaneously beating atria of either guinea pigs or rabbits the positive chronotropic effect of phenylephrine was competitively inhibited by pindolol. Phentolamine proved to be without any effect. The intrinsic activity for the positive chronotropic effect with 0.52 in guinea-pig atria and 0.47 in rabbit atria was less than that of isoprenaline (1.0). 3. The results presented here show that at least on atria only β-adrenoceptors are of functional importance.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 284 (1974), S. 245-261 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Phenylephrine ; Isolated Organs ; Competitive Dualism in Action ; Local Anaesthesia ; Antiarrhythmic Activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The β-sympathomimetic effect of phenylephrine was investigated on the electrically driven atrium, as well as on the tracheal chain of the guinea pig. 1. Phenylephrine (PE) was found to be less effective than isoprenaline (IPN) with regard to its positive inotropic effect on the guinea-pig atrium and to its relaxing action on the tracheal chain. The intrinsic activity for PE amounted to 0.75 on the tracheal chain and to 0.45 on the atrium, when compared with IPN. 2. From these low intrinsic activities, PE was assumed to be a partial β-agonist, exerting a competitive dualism in action to IPN. This dualism could be confirmed by dose-response curves for PE in the presence of IPN and vice versa: PE behaved as a β-agonist as well as a β-antagonist. 3. The intrinsic activity of PE steadily decreased with prolongation of the incubation period. After 1 h PE had almost lost its intrinsic activity. Under these conditions the dose-response curves for IPN on the tracheal chain, as well as on atrium, were shifted to the right in a parallel manner, i.e. PE behaved as a competitive β-antagonist. 4. High concentrations of PE (10−3 M) protected the electrically driven guineapig atrium against arrhythmias induced by k-strophanthoside. The onset of both the first extrasystoles and of heart standstill, which occurred after infusion of k-strophanthoside, were delayed after preincubation with PE. 5. Phentolamine was without any influence on these antiarrhythmic properties of PE. Therefore, it could be excluded that the antiarrhythmic effect of phenylephrine is due to a stimulation of myocardial α-adrenoceptors. 6. The local anaesthetic activity of phenylephrine, as tested on the rabbit cornea, was 4 times higher than that of propranolol. 7. The effective concentrations for the β-adrenolytic, antiarrhythmic, and local anaesthetic activities of PE were clearly different. We concluded, therefore, that the different actions produced by phenylephrine were not associated with each other.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 275 (1972), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Sympathomimetic Affinity ; β-Receptors ; Temperature ; Metabolic State ; Isolated Organs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments on isolated organs-rabbit ileum, guinea-pig trachea and atrium — with different “β-receptor subtypes” were carried out in order to determine whether changes of the metabolic state or of the extracellular pH were able to alter the responsiveness of these receptors to sympathomimetic amines. 1. Guinea-Pig Atrium. Lowering of the pH of the bath fluid from 7.48 to 6.79 resulted in a significant decrease of the affinity of isoprenaline (IPN) calculated as the pD2-value. Metabolic inhibition induced by iodoacetic acid (IAA) (5×10−5 M) increased the affinity of Th 1165a. 2. Rabbit Ileum. The affinity of IPN was not changed by lowering the pH, even to values of 6.11. At this pH the spontaneous motility was already markedly impaired. IAA (2.4×10−5 M) caused a moderate increase in the affinity of IPN whereas those of Th 1165a and orciprenaline (OPN) were elevated 10-fold. 3. Guinea-Pig Trachea. Lowering of the pH caused a decrease of the pD2-values of IPN and in particular of Th 1165a. The metabolic inhibitor IAA had no influence upon the pD2 value of IPN. 4. The present results favour the existence of only one type of β-receptor which changes its sensitivity depending on the metabolic state. It seems therefore very likely that the affinity of sympathomimetic drugs depends not only on the structure of the β-receptor but also on the metabolic state of the tissue.
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