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  • 1970-1974  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 24 (1972), S. 35-49 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung aus Polyvinylchlorid wurde in 2-Allylphenol, 2-Allyl-6-methylphenol und 2-Methoxy-4-allylphenol (Eugenol) unter Stickstoff im Bereich von 188-218°C untersucht. In Eugenol war die Reaktion langsam. In Eugenol war die Aktivierungsenergie niedriger (40 kcal/mole) als in 2-Allylphenol (47 kcal/mole); bei 2-Allyl-6-methylphenol lagen die Werte dazwischen. Die Reaktion ist autokatalytisch. Die Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung wird in Äthylbenzoat und Methylsalizylat durch kleine Zusätze von Eugenol verlangsamt. Die Ergebnisse lassen sich durch einen Radikal-Mechanismus für die Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung erklären.
    Notes: The thermal degradation of polyvinylchloride in 2-allyl phenol, 2-allyl-6-methylphenol and 2-methoxy-4-allyl phenol (eugenol) has been investigated in an atmosphere of nitrogen in the temperature range 188-218°C. The reaction is very slow in eugenol. The activation energy was lower in eugenol (40 kcal/mole) than in 2-allyl phenol (47kcal/mole). The reaction is autocatalytic. The rate of dehydrochlorination in ethylbenzoate or methylsalicylate is suppressed by addition of small quantities of eugenol. The results have been explained on the bases of a free radical mechanism for the dehydrochlorination reaction.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 32 (1973), S. 53-60 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Copolymere aus Terephtalsäure und Isophthalsäure (CPODZ) im Molverhältnis 1:1 und 3:1 mit Hydrazinsulfat wurden in konzentrierter Schwefelsäure herge stellt und naß versponnen, wobei Wasser und verdünnte Schwefelsäure als Fällungs bäder dienten. Die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Fasern-Zähigkeit, Dehnung, Elastizitätsmodul, elastisches Verhalten und dynamisch-mechanische Eigenschaften, sowie Dichte und Feuchtigkeitsgehalt-wurden untersucht.
    Notes: Copolymers of terephthalic and isophthalic acid (CPODZ) in 1:1 and 3:1 molar ratios with hydrazine sulphate and concentrated sulphuric acid were wet spun using water and H2SO4 coagulation baths. The filaments spun into water bath have inferior mechanical properties than those spun in H2SO4 bath.Physical properties, namely tenacity, elongation, modulus, resilience, elastic recovery, and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. 1:1 CPODZ filaments showed higher strength, modulus and elasticity than 1:3 CPODZ filaments. These CPODZ fibres had a higher dynaic modulus and low loss tangent.The density and moisture regain of CPODZ filaments were also determined. The density of 1:1 CPODZ filaments was higher. The filaments spun in water bath had higher moisture regain. 1:1 CPODZ filaments had less regain compared to 1:3 CPODZ filaments.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 38 (1974), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Spektren im sichtbaren Bereich von Polyvinylchloride(PVC), das im Vakuum in Methylsalicylat, Amylsalicylat und 2-Methoxy-4-allyphenol (eugenol) abgebaut wurde, werden beschrieben. Auf der Basis des Gehaltes der in PVC gebildeten Doppelbindungen ergibt sich hinsichtlich der Abbaugeschwindigkeit folgende Reihenfolge der Lösungsmittel: Methylsalicylat 〉 Amylsalicylat 〉 Eugenol. Für die Beteiligung der Lösungsmittel wird ein radikalischer Mechanismus vorgeschlagen. Die Aktivierungsenergie für die Bildung der Doppelbindungen in Methylsalicylat im Temperaturbereich von 176 bis 208 °C wurde zu 21±0,5 kcal/Mol bestiment.
    Notes: The visible range spectra of polyvinylchloride (PVC) degraded in vacuum in methylsalicylate, amylsalicylate and 2-methoxy-4-allylphenol (eugenol) are reported. On the basis of the percentages of double bonds formed in PVC the following reactivity order was assigned to the solvents methylsalicylate 〉 amylsalicylate 〉 eugenol. A free radical mechanism is proposed for the solvent participation. The activation energy for the overall double bond formation in methylsalicylate in the temperature range 176-208°C was found to be 21±0.5 kcal/mole.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 14 (1970), S. 2965-2971 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The thermal stability of commercial poly(vinyl Chloride) and its four fractions having different intrinsic viscosities (1.152-0.397 dl/g) has been investigated thermogravimetrically in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, up to a temperature of 400°C, by using the nonisothermal technique. The results indicate that the thermal stability of the polymer is inversely proportional to its intrinsic viscosity. The kinetic parameters have been evaluated for the early stages of decomposition (2% to 20%). The results have been explained on the basis of different structures of the polymer chain in fractions of high and low intrinsic viscosity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 2109-2121 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The physical properties of nylon 6 yarn treated with dimethyldichlorosilane (DMCS) and vinylmethyldichlorosilane (VMCS) in nitrogen atmosphere or air in the presence and absence of an amine have been compared with those of ether-extracted parent yarn. Treatment with DMCS in nitrogen resulted in marginal improvement in breaking stress, considerable increase in breaking elongation, and elastic behavior, whereas initial modulus was decreased. A decrease in density, birefringence, and moisture regain with increase in per cent weight gain was observed. Mechanical damping was decreased considerably up to an optimum weight gain after which it was increased. Thermal properties were also determined, and results are discussed in relation to mechanical properties. The results indicate that the overall thermal stability has decreased in the chemically treated yarns. Treatment with organochlorosilanes in the presence of air results in a chain-scission reaction and a decrease in mechanical properties.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 2097-2108 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of nylon 6 with dimethyldichlorosilane and vinylmethyldichlorosilane was investigated. Bright, 20-denier monofilament, nylon 6 yarns with 12.83% nitrogen, 61.16% carbon, and 10.16% hydrogen content were taken. Benzene or toluene was used as solvent for the reagents. The extent of reaction was estimated from the increase in weight of the parent yarn. Reaction was carried in the presence of nitrogen or in atmospheric oxygen (air). The per cent weight gain increased with increase in concentration of reagents, time, and temperature of the reaction. Viscosity and dyeability of the modified samples were measured, and in some samples the percentage of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen was also determined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 175 (1974), S. 2515-2524 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung aus 1-Chlordodekan (1-DDCl), 2-Chlordodekan (2-DDCl), 1,1,3-Trichlornonan (TCN) und Dichlornonen (DCN) in Stickstoffatmosphäre wurde in flüssiger Phase im Temperaturbereich von 202 - 262°C untersucht. Basierend auf der Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Zersetzungsreaktion und der Aktivierungsenergie ergibt sich als Stabilitätsskala für die Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung in flüssiger Phase: 1-DDCl〉2-DDCl〉TCN〉DCN. Die Lösungsmittel Methylsalicylat und Eugenol beeinflussen die Chlorwasserstoffabspaltung aus Polyvinylchlorid. Aus diesem Grund dürfte der molekulare Mechanismus, der bei der Zersetzung dieser Chlorverbindungen wirksam ist, für den Abbau des Polyvinylchlorids nicht zutreffend sein.
    Notes: The liquid phase dehydrochlorination of 1-chlorododecane (1-DDCl), 2-chlorododecane (2-DDCl), 1,1,3-trichlorononane (TCN), and dichlorononene (DCN) was investigated in the temperature range of 202 - 262°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. On the basis of the decomposition rate constant and activation energy the stability order for the dehydrochlorination in liquid phase was found to be 1-DDCl〉2-DDCl〉TCN〉DCN. The influence of the solvents methyl salicylate and eugenol on the dehydrochlorination of these chloro compounds was different from their influence on the dehydrochlorination of PVC. Therefore, a molecular mechanism for dehydrochlorination believed to be operating in these chloro compounds may not be operating in PVC degradation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 170 (1973), S. 117-130 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Polykondensation von Terephthalsäure (TA), Isophthalsäure (IA) und Nitrophthalsäure (NA) mit Hydrazinsulfat (HS) in Gegenwart von rauchender Schwefelsäure, wurden Poly(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2,5-diyl-1,4-phenylen) (I) und Poly(1,3-phenylen-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2,5-diyl-1,4-phenylen) (II) und dessen Nitroderivat erhalten. Homopolymere von TA und HS, sowie Copolymere vom Typ TA/IA-HS und TA/NA-HS mit verschiedenen STAUDINGER Indices wurden unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen erhalten. Die Produkte wurden spektroskopisch (sichtbares Licht, UV, IR) und durch Elementaranalyse untersucht, wobei Poly(oxadiazoldiylphenylen)- und Poly(hydrazoterephthaloyl)-Strukturen nachgewiesen werden konnten. Die Polymeren waren thermisch stabil. Die meisten zeigten unterhalb von 360°C keine Gewichtsabnahme. Erst bei 460-480°C wiesen die Thermogramme Maxima des Gewichtsverlustes auf. Aus solchen Messungen wurden die Aktivierungsenergien E und die Frequenzfaktoren A der thermischen Zersetzung ermittelt. Zwischen dem STAUDINGER Index einerseits und E oder auch der “integral procedural decomposition temperature” andererseits, wurden lineare Abhängigkeiten festgestellt. Es zeigte sich, daß die Polymeren vom Typ I stabiler waren, als die Copolymeren vom Typ II von ähnlichem Molekulargewicht.
    Notes: Poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl-1,4-phenylene) (I) and poly(1,3-phenylene-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl-1,4-phenylene) (II) and its nitroderivative have been prepared by condensation polymerization using fuming H2SO4 and different quantities of terephthalic acid (TA), isophthalic acid (IA), nitrophthalic acid (NA), and hydrazine sulphate (HS) respectively. Homopolymers of TA and HS, and copolymers of TA, IA, HS and TA, NA, and HS of different intrinsic viscosities were prepared by varying the reaction conditions. The polymer structures were investigated by visible range spectra, UV spectra, IR spectra and elemental analysis. The existence of poly(1,3,4-oxadiazolediyl-phenylene)- and poly(hydrazoterephthaloyl)-structures was revealed by these studies. These polymers were thermally stable and most of them did not show any loss in weight below 360°C. The maximum weight loss was in the temperature range of 460-480°C. The activation energy E and the frequency factor A for the thermal degradation were evaluated. Linear relationships between E and the intrinsic viscosity and between the “integral procedural decomposition temperature” and the intrinsic viscosity were observed. The polymers I showed a higher stability than the copolymers II of similar molecular weights.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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