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  • 1985-1989  (1)
  • 1965-1969  (1)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les scories basanitiques du volcan de l'Oued Temorte (Massif de l'Atakor, Sahara algérien) contiennent de nombreux minéraux caractéristiques des stades de cristallisation intratellurique dans les magmas basiques alcalins: kaersutite, salite ferrisodique, zircon, titanomagnétite et ferripléonaste. L'étude a porté essentiellement sur les spinelles et sur les transformations qu'ils subissent par oxydation dans les derniers stades précédant l'éruption. L'étude au microscope métallographique des diverses phases observées (titanomagnétite, ferripléonaste, spinelle, ilménite, titanohématite, pseudobrookite, corindon) complétée par 16 analyses chimiques effectuées pour la plupart à l'aide de la microsonde électronique, permet de préciser le mécanisme de l'oxydation et d'évaluer, à l'aide des données expérimentales, les fugacités d'oxygène (fO2) contrôlant la cristallisation de ces phases. Les valeurs de fO2 ainsi obtenues (10−8,5 à 10−2,5 atm à 1200°) sont nettement supérieures à celles déterminées antérieurement à partir des basaltes. D'une façon générale, il semble que les fO2 qui s'exercent au cours de la cristallisation des magmas basiques alcalins soient plus fortes que dans les autres types de laves basiques. L'accent est enfin porté sur la nécessité, pour évaluer les conditions de cristallisation et en particulier l'évolution de fO2 au cours de la différenciation, de distinguer les minéraux appartenant aux stades de cristallisation intratellurique des minéraux cristallisant après l'éruption.
    Notes: Abstract Scoriaceous basanites from an algerian stratovolcano (Oued Temorte, Atakor, Sahara) contain many minerals thought to be typical of intratelluric stages of crystallization in alkali basic magmas: kaersutite, ferrisodic salite, zircon, titanomagnetite, ferripleonaste. This paper is mainly concerned with spinels and the oxidation processes that take place before eruption of the lava. A series of oxidation reactions were established, and an estimation of the oxygen fugacities (fO2) controlling the cristallisation could be made, using metallographic microscope studies of the resulting phases (titanomagnetite, ferripleonaste, spinel, ilmenite, titanhematite, pseudobrookite, corundum) and 16 chemical analysis (13 being electron microprobe determinations). The fO2 values obtained (10−8,5 to 10−2,5 atm at 1200° C) are higher than those proposed by various authors for basaltic lavas. In the conclusion, the authors insist that a clear distinction should be made between preeruption phases and minerals that cristallise after eruption, in order to determine the physical conditions of crystallization, in particular estimate the variations of fO2 in order to evaluate the importance of these various factors in the processes of magmatic differenciation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Quaternary basanitic to nephelinitic volcanoes from Tahalra (western Ahaggar, southern Algeria) contain numerous Mg-ilmenite and amphibole-rich inclusions (±olivine, ±salite) and spinel lherzolite (±pargasite) inclusions associated with kaersutite megacrysts. On the basis of petrological, geochemical and Sr isotopic study of representative xenoliths (including a composite nodule defined as a vein cross-cutting peridotite) and lavas, we attribute the series of amphibole-rich xenoliths and megacrysts to segregation under upper mantle conditions from a hydrous high Ti and LREE melt geochemically similar to the Quaternary basanite but isotopically different. Amphibole-rich rocks and megacrysts are the results of magmatic events (less than 40 Ma) probably contemporaneous with the various pre-Quaternary volcanic phases recognized in Ahaggar. The amphibole-rich veins and the Quaternary lavas have a garnet lherzolitic source enriched in REE (7 to 9 times chondritic in LREE, 2 times in HREE). This enrichment probably results from former metasomatic events unrelated to the recent magmatic history. Melts from which these veins precipitated within upper mantle peridotite also account for mantle enrichment processes; they induced a local partial melting and contact metasomatism (pargasitization). The upper mantle beneath the volcanic areas of Ahaggar is veined and hydrous, and consequently lightened: thus, the uplift of basement may be the isostatic response to magmatism and related metasomatism and therefore the result of the Cenozoïc igneous activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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