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  • 1965-1969  (5)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The most intense and widely distributed sudanophilic responses of cryostat-sectioned newt limb tissues were obtained with a simultaneous fix and stain procedure of 1:1 10% formal-calcium and sudan black B. Droplets and globules of lipid mixtures and rodlets (mitochondria) were typical responses distributed within the epidermis, subcutaneous glands, dermis and other connective tissues, striated muscle (also with positive fibrils), tunics of blood vessels, and blood cells. A prominent droplet response was located subjacent to the adepidermal basement membrane. The myelin of brachial nerve stained intensely.In regenerating limbs, the wound epithelium response was comparable to that of epidermis. Post-amputational lipophanerosis of injured muscle and brachial nerves was observed. The retrograde degeneration of nerve myelin was extensive, and continued into the early differentiative phase of regeneration. Lipid-engorged macrophages were prominent among the injured tissues, distal to these, and within the wound epithelium.The regeneration blastema revealed a large quantity of sudanophilic lipid. Prominent droplet and rodlet responses were typical of the myelinating regenerating nerves. The response of regenerating muscle equaled that of the mature stump fibers. The cells of the regenerating chondroskeleton contained sudanophilic lipid.Organic solvents such as acetone, ether, chloroform and chloroform:methanol reduced or prevented the sudanophilic responses. Sudan red 7B revealed less lipid than did sudan black B. A fixation effect was demonstrated with post-chromated formalcalcium, and chromic-formalin fixed sections. In the latter preparations, swollen-bodies, identified as mitochondria, stained intensely.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the fine structure of injured, repairing and regenerating tissues of the amputated forelimbs of the adult newt: observations were made on wound epithelium, nerves, striated muscle, the regeneration blastema, connective tissues and cartilage.The wound epithelium shows little modulation from the adjacent epidermis: a subjacent glycocalyx and hemidesmosomes are initially absent. Some cells reveal phagocytic activity. As regeneration progresses, a glycocalyx, hemidesmosomes, and an adepidermal reticulum of fibers develop.Nerve fiber degeneration and regeneration lie side by side in the same nerve bundle. Myelin degeneration is evident within 24 hours; neural connective tissues loosen and fibers appear to spread apart.Striated muscle fibers display a nonuniform response to trauma, due to unequal degree of injury inflicted by amputation. The moderately and greatly injured fibers lose their distal fibril organization. There is a numerical increase in mitochondria, and occasionally a pyknotic nucleus is present. The myofiber glycocalyx appears to resist destruction, even when cell degeneration is extensive. Satellite cells have been observed intimately in contact with injured myofibers. Myogenesis is accompanied by an increase in collagen fibrillogenesis associated with adjacent fibroblasts. Many of these latter cells appear to contain intracellular fibrils: the significance of these observations are discussed, and a basis for intracellular fibrillogenesis and tropocollagen accretion is proposed.The fine structure of the regeneration blastema cell agrees with the description offered by others for the adult newt limb regeneration.Early prochondral condensation of blastema cells is described briefly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lipids tightly bound to cell and tissue proteins (lipoproteins) were investigated with the acetone-sudan procedure in cryostat-cut sections of normal and regenerating limb tissues of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescens.Nuclear and cytolplasmic membranes of all tissues stained moderately black; the nucleo- and cytoplasm stained less intensely than their membranes. Connective tissue fibers of the dermis, mysial and neural sheaths, and tunics of blood vessels yielded intense responses. In striated muscle of the limb, myofibrils and associated striations responded strongly. Nerve myelin responded weakly.In the preblastemic regenerate, the fibrous adepidermal basement membrane terminated abruptly at the surface of amputation. A distal fibrocellular residue was evident in continuity with the retrograde degeneration of amputation-injured muscle: observations suggest a possible contribution to the fibrocellular reticulum from myofibrils. The regeneration blastema appears isolated from proximal limb tissues by the intervening fibrocellular reticulum. The response of the blastema cell is relatively weaker than that of other cells and tissues. Regenerating muscle is recognized by the appearance of prominently stained myofibrils in myoblastic extensions off the limb stump musculature. The matrix and chondrocytes of regenerating cartilage stain for lipoprotein, with the osteoid of osteogenic centers responding strongly.Polychrome responses were obtained from hyalin-bodies within interphase nuclei, and from chromosomes in mitosis, suggesting that chromosomal lipid has been stained.Supporting the lipidic character of the observed responses is the negative reaction following long term lipid extraction in warm chloroform: methanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The limb tissues of the adult newt investigated for their fine structure include epidermis, subcutaneous glands, dermis, striated muscle, peripheral nerves and blood vessels. This survey complements and extends previous observations, emphasizing intercellular junctions, and the ubiquitous “glycocalyx” (= polysaccharide-protein lamella, around cells and adjacent to epithelia).Our survey touches on the characteristic tonofilaments, intercellular desmosomes and basal hemidesmosomes of the epidermis. The subcutaneous glands consist of secretory cells with a granular product, and myoepithelial cells; intercellular desmosomes are present. The adepidermal reticulum of collagen fibrils reveals periodic regions of intersecting fibrils ( = nodules), and fibril continuity with the underlying dermis: a striking feature is the adipose tissue closely applied to the adepidermal reticulum. The limb striated muscle displays typical banded myofibrils, and a triad system with centrotubules in the I-band close to the Z-band: terminal sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum complete the triad system. A particularly prominent glycocalyx is applied to the surface of the sarcolemma. The peripheral nerves of the limb possess connective tissue sheaths with prominent vesiculation of the cell membranes, and an occasional intercellular desmosomal junction. Blood vessels typically have endothelial cells with prominently vesiculated plasma membranes.This investigation serves as the basis for recognizing the fine structure of tissue responses to trauma, their repair, and regeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cryostat-cut sections of unamputated and amputated-regenerating limbs of the adult newt were examined following the Nile blue test for acidic and non-acidic lipids, the acid hematein and plasmal tests for phospholipids, and a Schultz test for cholesterol.Triglycerides (Nile blue test) are prominent in dermis and macrophages: triglyceride droplets are scattered in epidermis, wound epithelium, and regeneration blastema. Fatty acids (Nile blue test) are present in all tissues of the normal and regenerating limb: nerve myelin contains relatively little free fatty acid, while macrophages appear to contain the least amount of this lipidic substance.Plasmalogens (plasmal test) are prominent in the myelin of nerves, and macrophages: a weak cytoplasmic reaction obtains in the epidermis, subcutaneous glands, striated muscle, tunics of blood vessels, wound epithelium, blastema cells, chondrocytes, perichondrium and periosteum.Mitochondria responding for cephalin, lecithin, and sphingomyelin (acid hematein test) are ubiquitously distributed among the cells and tissues of the normal and regenerating limb. These phosphatides are prominent in nerve myelin, macrophages, and in dermal droplets: a variable response obtains from the myofibrils of striated muscle.Cholesterol (Schultz test) was demonstrated only in nerve myelin and in macrophages associated with injured nerves.Particular attention was paid to the lipid responses of the regeneration blastema, and the conclusion was reached that not all of the lipid previously demonstrated with sudan dyes was characterized by the current series of lipid tests.A modified Nile blue sulfate test that promises greater specificity in distinguishing between acidic and non-acidic lipids is introduced.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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