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  • 1965-1969  (5)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die stereospezifische Polymerisation von t-Butylvinyläther (tBVE) in polaren und unpolaren Lösungsmitteln wurde untersucht. Die sterische Struktur von Poly-t-butylvinyläther (PtBVE) wurde mit Hilfe der IR-Spektren von PtBVE und daraus hergestelltem Polyvinylalkohol untersucht. Bei der Tieftemperaturpolymerisation stieg mit wachsender Polarität des Lösungsmittels der syndiotaktische Anteil im PtBVE. Methylenchlorid mit einem kleinen Anteil an Nitroverbindungen erwies sich als günstigstes Lösungsmittel zur Herstellung syndiotaktischer Polymerer. BF3 · O(C2H5)2 ergab sowohl isotaktische als auch syndiotaktische Polymere. Erhöhung der Polymerisationstemperatur führte von beiden Seiten (syndiotaktisch und isotaktisch) zu ataktischen Polymeren.
    Notes: The stereospecific polymerization of t-butyl vinyl ether (tBVE) in polar and non-polar solvents was studied. The steric structure of poly-t-butyl vinyl ether (PtBVE) was examined by IR spectra of and polyvinyl alcohol derived from (PtBVE). The syndiotactic part in PtBVE increased with increasing polarity of a solvent in low temperature polymerization. Methylene chloride containing a small amount of nitro-compounds was the most suitable solvent for preparation of syndiotactic polymers. BF3·O(C2H5)2 had a tendency to promote both polymerizations giving isotactic as well as syndiotactic structure. Raising of polymerization temperature caused formation of atactic structures from both isotactic and syndiotactic sides.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Chloräthylpropenyläther (CEPE) wurde synthetisiert; seine kationische Polymerisation durch BF3·O(C2H5)2 und die sterische Struktur der erhaltenen Polymeren wurde untersucht. Bei der Polymerisation in Toluol bei -78°C fällt die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit in folgender Reihe: cis-CEPE 〉 2-Chloräthylvinyläther 〉 trans-CEPE.Die sterische Struktur der β-Methylgruppe des erhaltenen Polymeren wurde quantitativ durch das NMR-Spektrum bestimmt, wo die β-Methylprotonen von den β-Methinprotonen entkoppelt sind. In dem bei der Polymerisation von CEPE in Toluol bei -78°C aus trans-CEPE erhaltenen Polymeren herrscht die threo-meso-Struktur vor, während cis-CEPE ein Polymeres mit etwa gleichen Anteilen an threo-meso und erythro-meso-Strukturen ergab. Bei Polymerisation des cis-CEPE in Methylenchlorid als Lösungsmittel war der Anteil an Polymeren mit threo-meso-Struktur vergrößert, während der Anteil der erythro-meso-Struktur kleiner war. Die sterische Struktur des aus trans-CEPE erhaltenen Polymeren war unabhängig von der Natur des angewandten Lösungsmittels. Auch die Wirkung der Polymerisationstemperatur auf die sterische Struktur der Polymeren wurde untersucht.
    Notes: 2-Chloroethyl propenyl ether (CEPE) was synthesized, and its cationic polymerizability by BF3·O(C2H5)2 and the steric structure of the resulting polymer were studied. In the polymerization in toluene at -78°C, the rate of consumption of monomers decreased in the following order: cis-CEPE 〉 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether 〉 trans-CEPE.The steric structure of the β-methyl group of the resulting polymer was determined quantitatively on the basis of the NMR spectrum of the β-methyl protons decoupled from β-methine protons. In the polymerization of CEPE in toluene at -78°C, the polymer obtained from trans-CEPE was rich in threo-meso structure whilst cis-CEPE gave a polymer containing almost the same amount of threo-meso and erythro-meso structures. With methylene chloride as solvent, the amount of threo-meso structure increased and that of erythro-meso structure decreased for the polymer obtained from cis-CEPE. The steric structure of the polymer obtained from trans-CEPE was independent of the nature of the solvent used. The effect of polymerization temperature on the steric structure of the polymers was also investigated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bei der mit BF3·O(C2H5)2 als Katalysator durchgeführten Polymerisation von Methylpropenyläther (MPE) wurde der Einfluß der Polymerisationsbedingungen auf die sterische Struktur des Polymeren untersucht. Die sterische Struktur der α- und β-Kohlenstoffatome der Polymeren wurde NMR-spektroskopisch ermittelt. Die threo-meso-Konfiguration der α- und β-Kohlenstoffatome von solchen Polymeren, die aus Gemischen von cis- und trans-MPE erhalten wurden, nimmt mit steigender Menge des trans-Isomeren im Monomerengemisch zu. Daraus wird geschlossen, daß das reine trans-Isomere ein threo-diisotaktisches Polymeres geben wird. Mit Ansteigen der Polarität des Lösungsmittels nimmt der Anteil an threo-meso-Struktur in dem aus trans-reichem Monomerengemisch erhaltenen Polymeren ab, er steigt jedoch in dem aus cis-reichem Monomerengemisch erhaltenen Polymeren. Der Einfluß des Lösungsmittels auf die sterische Struktur der Polymeren ist beim cis-Isomeren stärker ausge prägt als bei dem trans-Isomeren. Eine Wechselwirkung zwischen der β-Methyl-gruppe des angreifenden Monomermoleküls und derjenigen des vorletzten Grundbausteins wurde auf Grund der Temperaturabhängigkeit der sterischen Struktur des Polymeren festgestellt.Es wurde gefunden, daß die α-Kohlenstoffatome des erhaltenen Polymeren eine racemische Konfiguration haben, während die β-Kohlenstoffatome kaum jemals racemisieren. Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse wird der Mechanismus der Wachstumsreaktion diskutiert.
    Notes: The effect of polymerization conditions on the steric structure of the polymer was studied for the polymerization of methyl propenyl ether (MPE) catalyzed by BF3·O(C2H5)2. The steric structure of the α- and β-carbon atoms of the polymers were measured by NMR spectroscopy. The threo-meso configuration of the α- and β-carbons of the polymer obtained from mixtures of cis- and trans-MPE increased with increasing amount of trans-isomer in the monomer mixture. We conclude that the pure trans-isomer would give a threo-di-isotactic polymer. As the polarity of the solvent increased, the proportion of threo-meso structure decreased in the polymer obtained from trans-rich monomer, but it increased in the polymer obtained from cis-rich monomer. The effect of the solvent on the steric structure of the polymer obtained from the cis-isomer was greater than on that of the polymer from trans-isomer. An interaction between the β-methyl group of the attacking monomer and that of the penultimate unit was recognized on the basis of the change in the steric structure of the polymer with polymerization temperature. The α-carbons of the polymer obtained were found to have the racemic configuration whilst the β-carbons are hardly ever racemic. The mechanism of the propagation reaction is discussed on the basis of these results.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymerizations of isobutene (M1) and styrene (M2) were carried out at -78°C. with the use of titanium tetrachloride as the catalyst in n-hexane-methylene chloride mixed solvents of various compositions. A great variation of r1, r2 was observed. In n-hexane r1 〈 1 and r2 〉 1, in methylene chloride r1 〉 1 and r2 ≃ 1, and in the mixed solvents both r1 and r2 were greater than unity. These experimental facts were interpreted on the basis of a large difference between the reactivities of isobutene cation and styrene cation. A values, on which the discussion of the decrease in the degree of copolymer polymerization can be based, were maximal in n-hexane and decreased with increasing ratio of methylene chloride in the mixed solvent. This is characteristic of the styrenetype monomer transfer reaction.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 7 (1969), S. 1115-1129 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Copolymerizations of 3,3-bis(chloromethyl)oxetane (BCMO) with some vinyl compounds were carried out with cationic catalysts in various solvents to determine what kind of vinyl compound is able to copolymerize with BCMO. p-Methylstyrene (pMS), 2-chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE), α-methylstyrene (αMS), and isobutene (IB) were used as comonomers. The rate of consumption of each monomer was measured by gas chromatrography. Plots of copolymer composition in the copolymerization of BCMO with pMS were characterized by S-shaped curves in several solvents. As poly-BCMO is insoluble and the vinyl polymers are soluble in benzene, the polymers obtained were separated into benzene-soluble and benzene-insoluble fractions, and the composition of each fraction was determined by elemental analysis. It was found that pMS, CEVE and IB formed a copolymer with BCMO, but αMS produced no copolymer with BCMO. Thus the formation of copolymer between a cyclic ether and some vinyl monomers was observed by a cationic mechanism. The cross-propagation mechanism is discussed on the basis of these results.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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