ISSN:
1573-8310
Source:
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Topics:
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
Notes:
Summary 1. A new method is suggested for comparing the selectivity of solvents. This method was used to compare 27 solvents with respect to their dissolving capacity and selectivity. 2. It was shown that there is no clearly expressed relationship between the dissolving capacity and selectivity of the solvents. 3. The solvents which were studied, have the following order with respect to decreasing selectivity: nitrobenzene 〉 benzaldehyde 〉 dimethylformamide 〉 phenol, furfural 〉 benzyl alcohol 〉 crotonaldehyde 〉 aniline, chlorex, ethyl acetoacetate 〉 sulfolan, propylene carbonate, nitromethane, acetonitrile 〉 diacetone alcohol, ethylcellosolve; triacetin, ethylene carbonate 〉 furfuryl alcohol, ethylene chlorohydrin, acetone, n-propanol 〉 acetic acid 〉 methanol 〉 diethyleneglycol 〉 monoethanolamine 〉 diethanolamine. No clear rules were observed for the dissolving capacity of the solvents. 4. The most useful solvents for the oily raw material, in practice, are phenol and furfural which have similar selectivities. Benzyl alcohol has a somewhat lesser selectivity. The use of nitrobenzene and benzaldehyde, which have the highest selectivity and dissolving capacity, is only possible for purifying the high molecular weight, residual fractions because of the low CTS value. 5. In practice the most useful solvents for the middle distillates are dimethylformamide and furfural which have, at the temperatures used in practice, a sufficiently high dissolving capacity and selectivity. They are also relatively easy to regenerate. 6. Sulfolan and propylene carbonate, which have a sufficiently high dissolving capacity and selectivity, are the most suitable practically, for the extraction of the low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons from the gasoline fractions. Because of their high boiling temperatures they are readily regenerated. Diethyleneglycol, which is widely used in industry, is much less suitable than these solvents from the standpoint of the properties that were studied.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00729979
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