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  • 1965-1969  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactivity of functional groups in surface coating polymers. Part I. Hydroxyl groups in alkyd resins (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 981-991 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The factors which can influence the availability of functional groups in polymers are considered. In particular, the importance of hydroxyl groups in the formation and Film-forming reactions of alkyd resins is discussed, and evidence is presented to suggest that the number of hydroxyl groups available for chemical reaction is not necessarily equivalent to the theoretical value. Factors which influence the availability of the hydroxyl groups are considered, and some of the properties of the alkyd are related to the available hydroxyl content.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100703
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymers suitable for increasing the viscosity of formic acid: Application to the printing of wool with reactive dyes (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 535-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of the properties of formic acid solutions of several polymers in relation to their usefulness as thickening agents for printing pastes composed of reactive dyes dissolved in formic acid. Polybases effectively increase the viscosity of formic acid to a satisfactory level but because of their ionization in formic acid, they inhibit the uptake of dye on wool due to the “salt effect” previously described. Incorporation of styrene with the base into a copolymer dilutes the salt effect but not sufficiently to be of practical importance. It was found that high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) and several natural carbohydrate gums effectively increased the viscosity without affecting the dye uptake. Moreover, contrary to their behavior in aqueous solutions, these natural gums did not react with the reactive dyes in formic acid solution. It is suggested that these dyes do not react with wool itself in formic acid solution, but reaction takes place only after the formic acid has been removed by washing.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090215
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight distribution in alkyd resins. Part III. Presence of microgel in alkyd resins (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1893-1914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Alkyd resins which have the same overall chemical composition and the same degree of polymerization have been prepared from synthetic mixtures of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of linoleic acid, glycerol, and phthalic anhydride. The properties of these resins differend significantly. Microgel particles are present in all resins, but the quantity and size of the gel particules is a function of the glyceride composition. The concept of microgel is used to explain the solution and film forming properties of these resins. Examination of a range of commercially available alkyd resins has shown that microgel particles are present where the functionality is greater than two.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070101208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight distribution in alkyd resins. Part II. Castor oil and hydrogenated castor oil alkyds (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 993-1009 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Alkyds prepared from castor and hydrogenated castor oils have been prepared direct from the oil and by first subjecting the oil to a glycerolysis reaction. The molecular weight distributions of the alkyds have been measured in solvent systems designed to separate predominantly on polarity and molecular weight. The properties of the alkyds in stoving enamels have been evaluated. The results are discussed in relation to existing theories relating processing conditions to molecular weight distribution in alkyd resins. Previous suggestions regarding the reactivity of the hydroxyl groups in the oil molecules are not consistent with the results obtained in this study.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100704
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the reactivity of functional groups during polyesterification: A new approach to polymerization in fatty-acid-modified polyesters (alkyd resins) (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1593-1602 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gel-point calculations based on the theory of polyesterification proposed by Flory do not agree with the experimental values even when Bobalek's concept of gel point as the first formation of infinite molecules (microgel) is used. Resins covering the range 30-60% oil length were prepared and examined by electron microscopy for the presence of microgel particles. The extent of reaction at which microgel forms is discussed in relation to the concept of equal reactivity. The conditions necessary for the formation of microgel particles and the significance of these observations to the basic assumptions used in developing the theory of polyesterification are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070110820
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions catalyzed by minerals. Part II. Chain termination in free-radical polymerizationsProd. No. 1653 (1967)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 2567-2575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of aluminosilicates and magnesium silicates on the free-radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate is discussed. The relationship between the structure of the mineral and its ability to inhibit radical reactions is considered, and it is concluded that aluminum in octahedral coordination is mainly responsible for the inhibition. Mechanisms which account for the termination reaction are proposed and supported by studies of the reaction of stable free radicals with the minerals.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1967.070111216
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions catalyzed by minerals. Part III. The mechanism of spontaneous interlamellar polymerizations in aluminosilicates (1968)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 12 (1968), S. 1253-1262 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The spontaneous polymerization of hydroxymethacrylate monomers by the layer aluminosilicate montmorillonite is reported. Saturation of montmorillonite by acrylic monomers gives interlayer complexes of three types, only one of which is susceptible to spontaneous polymerization. Electron-donating sites situated within the silicate lamellae initiate the spontaneous polymerization which it is suggested proceeds by a mechanism involving radical-anions. The results of this study together with those reported previously are used to explain the variety of effects noted when aluminosilicates are added to or heated with vinyl or acrylic monomers.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1968.070120523
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions catalyzed by minerals. Part I. Polymerization of styrene (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 1261-1271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polymerization of styrene on neutral mineral surfaces has been studied. It has been shown that the polymerization has characteristics expected for both a radical and cationic reaction, and a mechanism involving a radical-carbonium ion is proposed to explain this evidence. A range of mineral catalysts have been investigated and a tentative theory proposed to relate the variation in activity with catalyst structure. Experiments have also been carried out to define the specific portion of the mineral surface responsible for the catalyst activity.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090407
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl with acids (1965)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 3107-3116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The action of dilute aqueous mineral acids on α,α-diphenyl-β-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) has been studied and shown to result in the rapid loss of the characteristic color of the radical. Hydrobromic and hydrochloric acids yield α,α-diphenyl-β-picryl hydrazine (DPPH-H) and the corresponding halogen-substituted α,α-diphenyl-β-picryl hydrazine. Hydroiodic acid gives DPPH-H, iodine, and a small quantity of DPPH. A number of organic acids cause similar reactions. Kinetic studies on the hydrobromic acid system indicate that the reaction is first-order with respect to: hydrogen ion concentration, DPPH concentration, and anion concentration. The ability of the anion to undergo one-electron transfer and to dimerize are also important, and the strongest nucleophile gives the fastest reaction. A mechanism which involves ionic attack is proposed to account for the reaction of DPPH with acid. The limitations of DPPH in studying reaction mechanisms are then discussed in relation to the proposed ionic mechanism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1965.100030906
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