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  • 1990-1994  (3)
  • 1955-1959  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 8 (1955), S. 45-71 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Evaluation of interdiurnal temperature variations led in former investigations to the assumption of an ageostrophic mass flow in the zero layer (Nullschicht) directed towards high pressure. Starting from the hypothesis that the intensity of the zero layer effect (Nullschichteffekt) is proportional to the horizontal pressure gradient several atmospheric phenomena could be deduced in accordance with experience. In this investigation the results found by temperature evaluation were confirmed and completed by evaluations of wind observations. In particular it was found that wind maxima in the free atmosphere exceed, on the average, the values of the gradient wind (Fig. 5a and 6). Thus the zero layer turns out to be the layer of supergradient winds, moreover, supergradient winds must occur within jetstreams as effect of the zero layer. Proportionality between intensity of the zero layer and horizontal pressure gradient could be proved statistically (Fig. 8). The dynamics of a jetstream is the result of the concurrence of both the zero layer effect being proportional to the gradient and convergence and divergence effects. The mean „indirect thermic circulation” within the range of the jetstream outside the sphere of alimentation (sinking warm air, rising cold air) as already previously concluded is established.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans de précédentes recherches l'étude de variations interdiurnes de température a conduit à admettre un flux de masse non géostrophique dans la couche neutre (Nullschicht), dirigé vers les hautes pressions. Partant de l'hypothèse que l'intensité de l'effet de la couche neutre (Nullschichteffekt) est proportionnelle au gradient horizontal de pression, on a pu vérifier plusieurs phénomènes atmosphériques. Dans la présente étude, les résultats trouvés par le moyen des températures ont été vérifiés et élargis par des mesures de vent. On a constaté que les maxima de vent dans l'atmosphère libre présentent en moyenne des valeurs supérieures à celles du gradient (Fig. 5a et 6). Par cela, la couche neutre se révèle être une région de vents supérieurs à ceux du gradient et c'est le même cas pour le jet stream. La statistique vérifie la proportionnalité entre l'intensité de l'effet de la couche neutre et le gradient horizontal de pression (Fig. 8). La dynamique d'un jet stream résulte de cet effet de la couche neutre et des effets de convergence et de divergence. On vérifie par là-même la „circulation thermique indirecte” moyenne remarquée précédemment dans le domaine d'un jet stream à l'extérieur de la région d'alimentation (air chaud subsident, air froid ascendant).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus der Auswertung interdiurner Temperaturänderungen wurde in früheren Untersuchungen auf einen zum hohen Druck gerichteten ageostrophischen Massenfluß in der Nullschicht (Nullschichteffekt) geschlossen. Aus der Arbeitshypothese, daß die Stärke des Nullschichteffekts proportional zum horizontalen Druckgradienten sei, konnten in Übereinstimmung mit der Erfahrung mehrere atmosphärische Erscheinungen gefolgert werden. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden durch Windauswertungen die durch Temperaturauswertung gefundenen Ergebnisse bestätigt und erweitert. Insbesondere ergab sich, daß die Windmaxima in der freien Atmosphäre im Mittel übergradientische Werte aufweisen (Abb. 5a und 6). Damit erweist sich die Nullschicht als Schicht übergradientischer Winde, ebenso müssen in den Strahlströmen als Erscheinungen der Nullschicht übergradientische Winde gefolgert werden. Die Proportionalität zwischen der Stärke des Nullschichteffekts und dem horizontalen Druckgradienten konnte statistisch nachgewiesen werden (Abb. 8). Die Dynamik eines Strahlstroms ergibt sich aus dem Zusammenwirken des gradient-proportionalen Nullschichteffekts und der Konvergenz- und Divergenzeffekte. Die bereits früher gefolgerte mittlere „indirekte thermische Zirkulation” im Bereich eines Strahlstroms außerhalb des Einzugsgebiets (absinkende Warmluft, aufsteigende Kaltluft) wird bestätigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 20.00 ; 25.85.Ec
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The mass and nuclear charge distributions of fission fragments from229Th(nth, f) have been measured at several kinetic energies with the mass spectrometer Lohengrin (ILL-Grenoble). The average proton e-o effect, which reaches 41%, induces large oscillations in the parameters of the isotopic charge distribution. A comparison of the data from different fissile nuclei shows the importance of the last stage of the process for intrinsic excitations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 23.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The half-lives of very neutron rich isotopes of Ni and Cu have been measured. The isotopes are produced in very asymmetric thermal fission of235U and239Pu at the I.L.L. high flux reactor. They are separated by means of the Lohengrin spectrometer. They are identified with aΔE-E ionization chamber and implanted in one of the 8 Si planar detectors where theβ-particles are also detected. The time correlations between the implantation and the detection ofβ-particles provide the half-life. The values obtained are compared to current theoretical predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Dr ; 27.60.+j
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Theβ-decay energy of the neutron-rich isotopes148Ba,148La and151Pr has been measured at the Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL). The148Ba- and148La-nuclei were produced using a high-temperature ion source at the OSTIS separator of this institute, whereas samples of151Pr were obtained from the thermal fission of239Pu, used as a target in the mass separator LOHENGRIN. At both instruments,βγ-coincidences were measured with a plastic scintillator telescope and a Ge(I)-detector, together withβ-singles andγ-singles spectra. Theβ-spectra emitted in coincidence with 44γ-lines in the decay of these nuclei have been evaluated. From their endpoint energies, the followingQ β -values have been obtained:Q β (148Ba)=5115±60keV;Q β (148La)=7255±55 keV;Q β (151Pr)=4170±75 keV. Using these results, the nuclear massesA of these nuclei can be calculated with a relative error ΔA/A≃5·10−7. In addition, the two-neutron separation energies and the mass excesses have been derived; the results are compared with recent predictions of theoretical mass calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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