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  • 2000-2004  (57)
  • 1930-1934  (38)
  • 1925-1929  (20)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gamma-neutron activation experiments using laser wakefield accelerators : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2510-2516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Gamma-neutron activation experiments have been performed with relativistic electron beams produced by a laser wakefield accelerator. The electron beams were produced by tightly focusing (spot diameter (approximate)6 μm) a high power (up to 10 TW), ultra-short (≥50 fs) laser beam from a high repetition rate (10 Hz) Ti:sapphire (0.8 μm) laser system, onto a high density (〉1019 cm−3) pulsed gasjet of length (approximate)1.5 mm. Nuclear activation measurements in lead and copper targets indicate the production of electrons with energy in excess of 25 MeV. This result was confirmed by electron distribution measurements using a bending magnet spectrometer. Measured γ-ray and neutron yields are also found to be in reasonable agreement with simulations using a Monte Carlo transport code. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1352617
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of laser oscillation in aggregates of ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 121-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report laser oscillation at ∼610 nm in aggregates of ultrasmall elemental Si nanoparticles. The particles are ultrabright red emitting, dispersed from bulk Si by electrochemistry. The aggregates are excited by radiation at 550–570 nm from a mercury lamp. Intense directed Gaussian beams, with a threshold, manifest the emission. We observe line narrowing, and speckle patterns, indicating spatial coherence. This microlasing constitutes an important step towards the realization of a laser on a chip, hence optoelectronics integration and optical interconnects. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1428622
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of a magic discrete family of ultrabright Si nanoparticles (2002)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 841-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate that electrochemically etched, hydrogen capped SinHx clusters with n larger than 20 are obtained within a family of discrete sizes. These sizes are 1.0 (Si29), 1.67 (Si123), 2.15, 2.9, and 3.7 nm in diameter. We characterize the particles via direct electron imaging, excitation and emission optical spectroscopy, and colloidal crystallization. The band gaps and emission bands are measured. The smallest four are ultrabright blue, green, yellow and red luminescent particles. The availability of discrete sizes and distinct emission in the red, green and blue (RGB) range is useful for biomedical tagging, RGB displays, and flash memories. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1435802
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrophobic Protein that Copurifies with Human Brain Acetylcholinesterase (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The mechanism of attachment of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to neuronal membranes in interneuronal synapses is poorly understood. We have isolated, sequenced, and cloned a hydrophobic protein that copurifies with AChE from human caudate nucleus and that we propose forms a part of a complex of membrane proteins attached to this enzyme. It is a short protein of 136 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 18 kDa. The sequence contains stretches of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids and two cysteine residues. Analysis of the genomic sequence reveals that the coding region is divided among five short exons. Fluorescence in situ hybridization localizes the gene to chromosome 6p21.32-p21.2. Northern blot analysis shows that this gene is widely expressed in the brain with an expression pattern that parallels that of AChE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0742146.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a mandibular advancement device in obstructive sleep apnoea (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The present study investigated the effectiveness of an intra-oral mandibular advancement device in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) who could not tolerate or who had failed to comply with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Thirty-five patients diagnosed by sleep study as suffering from OSA, who had either been unable to tolerate or had been non-compliant with CPAP treatment, were included in the study. The subjects completed an Epworth sleep questionnaire. The subjects then had an oral appliance made. After using the appliance for 3 months, the patients repeated the questionnaires and had a repeat sleep study performed with the oral appliance in situ. Thirty-one subjects completed the investigation. Mean AHI pre- and post-study were 26·64 and 24·06, respectively (P 〉 0·05). Mean Epworth scores pre- and post-study were 16·32 and 14·64, respectively (P 〉 0·05). Those patients with a pre-study AHI 〈 20 (n = 23), however, did significantly better with the appliance (P 〈 0·0001). Those patients with a pre-study AHI 〉 20 did not benefit from this device (P 〉 0·05). The main problems encountered were initial jaw discomfort in 18 patients and dry mouth in 11 patients (both of which improved with continued usage). It was concluded that the type of appliance used in this study can be recommended for those with mild OSA who are unable to tolerate CPAP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01134.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastrimmune-induced antigastrin-17 antibodies inhibit acid secretion in a rat fistula model (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gastrimmune is an immunogenic form of gastrin. It raises in situ antibodies against two proliferative forms of gastrin: amidated and glycine-extended gastrin-17. It has been shown to have a therapeutic action in several in vivo tumour models. Following immunization, due to the complex equilibrium that exists between the antibodies and gastrin, it is not technically feasible to assay for free gastrin.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To determine the effect of Gastrimmune-induced antigastrin antibodies on acid secretion.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Method:A rat gastric fistula model was used. Animals (six per group) were immunized with a control immunogen or ascending doses of Gastrimmune. Acid output was measured following infusion of increasing doses of gastrin-17 and pentagastrin.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Gastrimmune-induced antibodies significantly reduced gastrin-17-stimulated acid output compared to control animals (Gastrimmune at 200 μg/rat vs. control; acid output following 30 ng gastrin-17, 0.01 vs. 0.16, P 〈 0.001; following 120 ng gastrin-17, 0.022 vs. 0.29, P 〈 0.001).〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Gastrimmune significantly inhibits gastrin-17-stimulated acid output. This biological assay suggests that the antigastrin antibodies effectively bind gastrin-17. In addition to its use as an antineoplastic agent, Gastrimmune may have a role as an acid-decreasing agent in oesophagogastric pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01081.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastrin and Colorectal Cancer (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The polypeptide hormone gastrin was identified nearly a hundred years ago and its role in the regulation of acid secretion is well established. Gastrin also acts as a growth factor and is trophic for the normal gastric oxyntic mucosa. This growth promoting action has led to the extensive investigation of its role in carcinogenesis, in particular colorectal neoplasia. The relationship between gastrin and colorectal adenocarcinoma has been subject to controversy, however the findings from several recent studies have resulted in a clearer understanding of the mechanism of action of gastrin in this is common cancer.The majority of colorectal cancers produce their own gastrin, which may act in an autocrine manner. The tumour cells also express gastrin/CCKB receptors (and/or a combination of isoforms) which mediate the proliferative action. This locally produced gastrin gives rise to a small increase in systemic gastrin levels. Autocrine gastrin may also have a role in tumour development, as expression occurs early in the adenoma–carcinoma sequence. In addition, several studies using animal models have shown that systemic hypergastrinaemia promotes the proliferation of both normal and neoplastic colonic epithelium. Hyperproliferative colonic epithelium in the presence of hypergastrinaemia has been recorded in humans and a well-designed epidemiological study has demonstrated an increased incidence of colorectal cancer.Gastrin is a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of colorectal cancer and several approaches have been assessed. Receptor antagonists and antisecretory agents have been demonstrated to be ineffectual. Novel methods of inhibition, including the use of anti-gastrin antibodies, are currently being evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00842.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk perception and communication: recent developments and implications for anaesthesia (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This review begins by outlining the history of probability theory, exposing cultural differences between scientists and lay people in the way risks are viewed. The basic principles of the science of risk perception are described, and the various methods of communicating risk in health care, both verbal and numerical, are then discussed critically. These concepts are then applied to the practice of anaesthesia. Risk perception may affect anaesthetists' choice of career and may be involved in the genesis and evolution of critical incidents; we also discuss possibilities for training in risk perception issues. The place of risk communication in informed consent and its ethical implications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.02135.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Olanzapine overdose (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.01976-50.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Safety in sleep’: anaesthetists, patients and the European Working Time Directive (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03929.x
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