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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (4)
  • 27Al NMR  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 24 (1973), S. 282-286 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of galvanized ferrous materials by natural watersLaboratory and field test with galvanized irons do not reveal clear interrelations between water quality and corrosion. Likewise it is not possible on the basis of potential measurements to make any statement with respect to the formation of protective layers. It is for this reason that some doubt may be expressed as to the applicability of the test method according to DIN 50 930, the more so as the formation of ZnCO3 could be shown to take place in some few cases only.
    Notes: Laboratoriums- und Feldversuche mit verzinktem Eisen zeigen keine eindeutigen Zusammenhänge zwischen Wasserbeschaffenheit und Korrosion. Ebenso ist es nicht möglich, aufgrund von Potentialmessungen Aussagen über die Schutzschichtbildung zu machen. Aus diesem Grunde kann auch die Anwendbarkeit der Untersuchungsmethode nach DIN 50 930 in Zweifel gezogen werden, zumal nur in Einzelfällen die Bildung von ZrCO3 eindeutig nachgewiesen werden konnte.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 8 (1996), S. 722-725 
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Conductometry ; Detection ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Capillary HPLC ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple electrochemical cell has been constructed for conductometric detection in capillary electrophoresis or HPLC. A platinum ring electrode is chemically deposited at the capillary end and the other electrode, a platinum wire, is immersed, together with the capillary, in a vessel containing the running buffer or the mobile phase used. The cell has been tested on a model system and its operational parameters have been discussed. The measurement is very sensitive (a limit of determination of ca. 3 × 10-9 M for potassium ions) and the detector response is rapid, comparable with that of the UV photometric detector. The dynamic range is wide (at least five concentration decades) but is nonlinear at high concentrations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 144 (1971), S. 117-133 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The process of cyclization of copolymer-free polyacrylonitrile (PAN) at thermal treatment between 200 and 300°C in air is studied by measuring the elongation-shrinkage behaviour of polymer fibres under tensile stress. It was found that solely the shrinkage which occurs above 235°C is caused chemically, whilst the fibres are stretched by plastic deformation up to 235°C. The shrinkage above 235°C is explained as a consequence of cyclization reactions of PAN leading to polymers with angled partial ladder structure. The maximum shrinkage of about 25%, obtained experimentally without tensile stress, is in agreement with conclusions drawn on molecular models. These models are based on differing ratios of inter- and intramolecular addition reactions between the nitrile groups of PAN. The remaining elongation attainable after thermal treatment up to 300°C is determined by the reaction conditions until cyclization sets in, and was increased up to 40% using endless copolymer-free PAN fibres.
    Notes: Der Verlauf der Cyclisierung von copolymerfreiem Polyacrylnitril (PAN) bei thermischer Behandlung zwischen 200 und 300°C an Luft wird durch Messung des Dehnungs-Schrumpfungs-Verhaltens von Polymerfäden unter Zugbeanspruchung studiert. Es wurde gefunden, daß nur die oberhalb 235°C eintretende Schrumpfung chemisch bedingt ist, während die Fasern bis 235°C durch plastische Verformung gedehnt werden. Die Schrumpfung oberhalb 235°C wird als eine Folge der Cyclisierungsreaktionen des PAN zu Polymeren mit gewinkelter partieller Leiterstruktur erklärt. Die experimentell ohne Zugbeanspruchung gefundene maximale Schrumpfung von ca. 25% steht in übereinstimmung mit überlegungen an Molekülmodellen, bei denen unterschiedliche Verhältnisse von inter- und intramolekularen Additionsreaktionen zwischen den Nitrilgruppen zugrunde gelegt werden. Die erreichbare bleibende Dehnung nach der thermischen Behandlung bis oberhalb 300°C wird von den Reaktionsbedingungen bis zur einsetzenden Cyclisierung bestimmt und konnte an endlosen copolymerfreien PAN-Fäden bis zu 40% gesteigert werden.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 679-684 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Sodium oxohydroxoaluminate hydrate ; Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] · 1.5 H2O ; crystal structure ; 27Al NMR ; 23Na NMR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of the Sodium Oxohydroxoaluminate Hydrate Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] · 1.5 H2OThe crystal structure of the sodium oxohydroxoaluminate hydrate Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] ·s 1.5 H2O (up to now described as Na2O · Al2O3 · 2.5 H2O and Na2O · Al2O3 · 3 H2O, respectively) was solved. The X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis (tetragonal, space group P-421m, a = 10.522(1) Å, c = 5.330(1) Å, Z = 4) results in a polymeric layered structure, consisting of AlO3/2(OH) tetrahedral groups. Between these layers the Na+ ions are situated, which form tetrameric groups of face-linked NaO6 octahedra. The involved O2- ions are due to Al—O—Al bridges, Al—OH groups and water of crystallization. 27Al and 23Na MAS NMR investigations confirm the crystal structure analysis. The relations between the crystallization behaviour of the compound and the constitution of the aluminate anions in the corresponding sodium aluminate solution and in the solid, respectively, are discussed.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur des Natriumoxohydroxoaluminathydrates Na2[Al2O3(OH)2] · 1,5 H2O - bisher in der Literatur als Na2O · Al2O3 · 2,5 H2O bzw. Na2O · Al2O3 · 3 H2O bezeichnet - wird bestimmt. Die Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse (tetragonal, Raumgruppe P-421m, a = 10,522(1) Å, c = 5,330(1) Å, Z = 4) ergibt eine aus AlO3/2(OH)-Tetraedern aufgebaute, polymere Schichtstruktur. Die zwischen den Schichten angeordneten Na+-Ionen bilden mit O2--Ionen von Al—O—Al-Brücken, Al—OH-Gruppen und von Kristallwasser NaO6-Oktaeder, die über gemeinsame Flächen zu tetrameren Baugruppen verknüpft sind. 27Al- und 23Na-MAS-NMR-Messungen bestätigen die Kristallstrukturanalyse. Die Beziehungen zwischen dem Kristallisationsverhalten der Verbindung und der Konstitution der Aluminatanionen in der entsprechenden Natriumaluminatlösung bzw. in der kristallinen Verbindung werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Nonasodium bis(hexahydroxoaluminate) trihydroxide hexahydrate ; Na9[Al(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6H2O ; crystal structure ; 27Al NMR ; 23Na NMR ; DSC ; DTG ; hydrogen bond ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nonasodium Bis(hexahydroxoaluminate) Trihydroxide Hexahydrate (Na9[Al(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6H2O) - Crystal Structure, NMR Spectroscopy and Thermal BehaviourThe crystal structure of the nonasodium bis(hexahydroxoaluminate) trihydroxide hexahydrate Na9[Al(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6H2O (4.5 Na2O Al2O3 · 13.5 H2O) (up to now described as 3 Na2O · Al2O3 · 6H2O, 4Na2O · Al2O3 · 13 H2O and [3 Na2O · Al2O3 · 6H2O] [xNaOH · yH2O], respectively) was solved. The X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis (triclinic, space group P1, a = 8.694(1) Å, b = 11.344(2) Å, c = 11.636(3) Å, α = 74.29(2)°, β = 87.43(2)°, γ = 70.66(2)°, Z = 2) results in a structure, consisting of monomeric [Al(OH)6]3- aluminate anions, which are connected by NaO6 octahedra groups. Furthermore the structure contains both, two hydroxide anions only surrounded by water of crystallization and OH groups of [Al(OH)6]3- aluminate anions and a hydroxide anion involved in three NaO6 coordination octahedra directly and moreover connected with a water molecule by hydrogen bonding. The results of 27Al and 23Na-MAS-NMR investigations, the thermal behaviour of the compound and possible relations between the crystal structure and the conditions of coordination in the corresponding sodium aluminate solution are discussed as well.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur des Nonanatrium-bis(hexahydroxoaluminat)-trihydroxid-hexahydrates Na9[Al(OH)6]2(OH)3 · 6H2O (4,5 Na2O · Al2O3 · 13,5 H2O) - bisher in der Literatur als 3Na2O · Al2O3 · 6H2O, 4Na2O · Al2O3 · 13 H2O bzw. [3 Na2O · Al2O3 · 6H2O] [x NaOH · y H2O] bezeichnet - wurde bestimmt. Aus der Einkristallröntgenstrukturanalyse (triklin, Raumgruppe P1, a = 8,694(1) Å, b = 11,344(2) Å, c = 11,636(3) Å, α = 74,29(2)°, β = 87,43(2)°, γ = 70,66(2)°, Z = 2) ergibt sich eine Struktur aus monomeren [Al(OH)6]3--Aluminatanionen, die über NaO6-Koordinationsoktaeder untereinander verbunden sind. Die Struktur enthält weiter zwei Hydroxidionen, die koordinativ nur mit Kristallwasser und OH-Gruppen der [Al(OH)6]3--Aluminatanionen in Verbindung stehen, sowie ein drittes, das an drei NaO6-Koordinationsoktaedern beteiligt und außerdem über eine Wasserstoffbrückenbindung mit einem Wassermolekül verbunden ist. Die Ergebnisse von 27Al- und 23Na-MAS-NMR-Messungen, das thermische Verhalten der Verbindung sowie mögliche Beziehungen zwischen der Struktur der kristallinen Verbindung und den Koordinationsverhältnissen in der entsprechenden Natriumaluminatlösung werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 7 (1982), S. 53-57 
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Several single-base, double-base, and triple-base gun propellants were analyzed by three different methods: Conventional analytical methods (TL 1376-600)High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)Derivative spectroscopy.The results obtained by these methods agree well and show a good reproducibility. However, compared with each other, the chromatographic methods are not only more rapid and more flexible than the conventional wet chemical analysis, they enable a quantitative determination of blasting oil mixtures like nitroglycerin or diglycoldinitrate. The same holds for many other explosives, stabilizers and stabilizer reaction products.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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