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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 144 (1996), S. 1352-1356 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Persistierende pulmonale Hypertonie des Neugeborenen (PPHN) ; Oxygenierung ; Stickoxid (NO) ; Atemnotsyndrom (HMD) ; Response ; Key words Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) ; Oxygenation ; Nitric oxide (NO) ; Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) ; Responder
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Critical hypoxemia due to extrapulmonary right-to-left-shunting is a typical feature of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). To improve oxygenation, inhaled nitric oxide (NO) has been used for the last three years in neonatal intensive care units during mechanical ventilation, thus lowering pulmonary vascular resistance. However, sustained improvement in oxygenation is only noted in one third up to two fifths of treated newborns (responders) if PPHN develops due to primary pulmonary disease. NO has only been used for term neonates until recently, when a growing interest for its administration in preterm babies with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) came up. Since intrapulmonary right-to-left shunting is the main reason for hypoxia in HMD, inhaled NO should prove to be a potent selective pulmonary vasodilator in future studies. Further clinical and experimental studies with animals will be helpful to evaluate the individual newborn as being a potential responder or nonresponder.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die hochgradige Oxygenierungsstörung durch extrapulmonale Rechts-links-Shunts ist ein typisches Merkmal bei Neugeborenen mit persistierender pulmonaler Hypertonie (PPHN). Zur Verbesserung der Oxygenierung wird seit ca. 3 Jahren in neonatologischen Zentren Stickoxid (NO) während der maschinellen Beatmung inhalativ zur Senkung des pulmonalen Gefäßwiderstands verabreicht. Nur 1/3–2/5 der behandelten Neugeborenen reagiert mit einer anhaltenden Verbesserung der Oxygenierung (Responder), wenn eine primär pulmonal-parenchymatöse Erkrankung mit sekundärer PPHN vorliegt. Wurde NO aus toxikologischen Erwägungen bisher fast ausschließlich bei reifen Neugeborenen angewendet, so hat sich jüngst ein Interesse für den Einsatz bei Frühgeborenen mit Atemnotsyndrom (HMD) entwickelt. Da der intrapulmonale Rechts-links-Shunt jedoch die wesentliche Ursache der Oxygenierungsstörung bei Frühgeborenen mit HMD ist, sollten zukünftige Studien die Anwendung von NO als potenten, selektiven pulmonalen Vasodilator in der Lungenstrombahn des Frühgeborenen rechtfertigen. Weitere klinische und tierexperimentelle Studien sind notwendig, um das individuelle Neugeborene als potentiellen Responder oder Nonresponder einschätzen zu können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 2 (1986), S. 327-335 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 32.80 Dz ; 32.80 Fb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Autoionization resonances of the type (n−1)d→np, wheren pertains to the outermost shell of Ga, In and Pb, were studied with the use of electron spectrometry in combination with synchrotron radiation. The relative strengths of the exit channels for the various resonance states were measured. In the case of Ga and In, a complete partitioning of the total absorption cross section into thes 2 1 S,sp 1 P, andsp 3 P components (exit channels) was achieved, and in the case of Pb the decay of the resonance states into the major exit channels 6s 2 6p 2 P 1/2, 6s 2 6p 2 P 3/2, 6s 6p 2 4 P 1/2, 6s 6p 2 2 D 3/2 and 6s 6p 2 2 P 1/2 was determined. In Ga, strong coupling was observed for those states of the 4p 2 manifold that have the same symmetries as the final ionic states, e.g. 4p 2 3 P→4s 4p 3 P and 4p 2 1 S→4s 2 1 S. In In, there is a similar, but weaker correlation, which also includes two-electron excitation channels. Comparison between Ga and In shows that thesp 3 P channel is much stronger in In (52% vs 40% in Ga) while thesp 1 P channel is correspondingly weaker (28% vs 37%), with thes 2 1 S channel remaining practically unchanged (20 vs 23%). In Pb, the 6s 2 6P 2 P 1/2 channel displays interference patterns due to a strong, competing direct transition, whereas the other channels do not, indicating population predominantly via the resonance states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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