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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 61 (1995), S. 285-289 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.80.Pj ; 05.70.Fh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Be+ ions trapped in a Penning trap are laser-cooled to about 10 mK. The excitation spectra of ion clouds containing about 500 ions are obtained by scanning the frequency of the cooling laser and discontinuities in these spectra are observed because of phase transitions. When the cooled ions are heated electrically by applying an rf voltage, no phase transition occurs and the spectra become continuous. Two-dimensional measurement of the ion clouds is carried out and the abrupt change in the shape of the ion cloud due to the phase transition is observed. When many ions are trapped and cooled, the phase transition occurs partially and a transient state where two states are mixed can be observed. The static properties of the ions are also measured by using an additional probe laser and the results of experimental measurements are compared with theoretical predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 57 (1993), S. 141-144 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.80.Pj ; 05.70.Fh ; 34.40.+n
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Be+ ions stored in a Penning trap were cooled by a laser beam perpendicular to the magnetic field. The cooled ions are strongly coupled and phase transitions of up to 100 ions were observed. In experiments with only a few ions stored in the trap, a stepwise decrease in fluorescence intensity was observed. All steps are of the same size and so every step is attributed to a single ion. The discrete changes in fluorescence occurred more frequently when the background pressure was increased, caused by collisions between stored ions and background neutral molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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