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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Endochitinase ; Fungal elicitation ; β-1,3-Glucanase ; Picea glauca ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two cDNAs isolated from white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] somatic embryos, are predicted to encode a basic class IV chitinase and a β-1,3-glucanase, respectively corresponding to genesPgChi-1 andPgGlu-1. Each represents a multigene family in spruce. Transcripts homologous toPgChi-1 orPgGlu-1 genes were highly abundant in embryogenic tissues and gradually decreased after tissues were placed on abscisic acid-containing maturation medium, with lowest abundance in globular embryos. Transcripts related toPgGlu-1 became highly abundant again in early cotyledonary embryos but decreased thereafter, whereas transcripts related toPgChi-1 were also highly abundant in late cotyledonary embryos and plantlets in vitro; transcripts were either low (PgChi-1) or were not detectable (PgGlu-1) in needles. Wounding, drying and flooding stresses enhancedPgChi-1-andPgGlu-1-related gene expression. Fungal cell wall suspension enhancedPgGlu-1-related transcript accumulation, but reducedPgChi-1-related transcript abundance within 24 h.PgChi-1 andPgGlu-1 and their homologues may have roles in plant defense, and possibly developmental roles during spruce somatic embryo maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Embryo abundant gene ; Gene expression ; Polyethylene glycol ; Picea ; Somatic embryogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Embryogenic tissues of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] remain in an early developmental stage while cultured on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and N6-benzyladenine, but develop to cotyledonary embryos when these phytohormones are replaced by abscisic acid. Twenty-eight cDNAs were isolated from cotyledonary embryos by differential screening against immature embryo and non-embryonic tissues. Temporal expression patterns of these cDNAs during ABA-stimulated somatic embryo development were observed. This showed that clones could be allocated to various groups, including embryo-abundant, embryo-maturation-induced, and those whose expression was modulated during embryo development, germination or in non-embryogenic tissues. Expression corresponding to these cDNA clones showed that there were various responses to exogenous ABA or polyethylene glycol during a period of 48 h. Analyses of DNA and predicted amino acid sequence revealed that 12 of 28 cDNA clones had no known homologues, while others were predicted to encode different late-embryogenesis-abundant proteins, early methionine-labelled proteins, storage proteins, heat-shock proteins, glycine-rich cell wall protein, metallothionein-like protein and some other metabolic enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Abscisic acid ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Gene expression ; Heat shock protein ; Picea ; Polyethylene glycol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three cDNAs (PgEMB22, 27 and 29) predicted to encode low-molecular-weight (LMW) heat-shock proteins (HSPs) were cloned and characterized from white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] somatic embryo tissues by differentially screening a cotyledonary embryo cDNA library. Clone PgEMB22 is predicted to encode a putative mitochondria-localized LMW HSP, and PgEMB27 and 29 are predicted to encode different cytoplasmic class II LMW HSPs, although they share 84.7% identity within DNA coding regions and 83.0% identity for predicted proteins. They are developmentally regulated during somatic embryo development and subsequent embryo germination, in addition they show strong response to heat-shock stress. Transcripts of the two kinds of hsp genes could be detected in embryogenic tissues before induction of embryo maturation, but subsequently increased, being most abundant at late embryo stages. Gene expression levels were very low or not detectable in germinated plantlets or needle tissues from older plants. Abscisic acid and polyethylene glycol, stimulators for spruce embryo maturation, could also induce the hsp genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 267 (1980), S. 25-31 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Vitamin A acid ; Keratinocytes ; Cyclic nucleotides ; Thymidine incorporation ; Cell cycle ; Vitamin A-Säure ; Keratinocyten ; cyclische nukleotide ; Thymidinaufnahme ; Cellcyclus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Primärkulturen von Meerschweinchenohr-Keratinocyten wurden mit Vitamin A-Säure behandelt zum Zeitpunkt des Ansetzens der Kulturen oder 14 h bzw. 14 Tage danach. In einem Zeitraum bis 50 h nach Behandlung wurde die intracelluläre Konzentration von den cyclischen Nukleotiden cAMP und cGMP mit einem Radio-Immunoassay in Intervallen bestimmt. Wenn die Zugabe der Vitamin A-Säure beim Ansetzen der Kulturen erfolgte, resultierte eine Welle von DNA-Synthese und eine Zunahme der DNA-Konzentration, die ihre Maxima zwischen 30 und 40 h nach Kulturansatz erreichte und zeitlich mit einer Abnahme der cAMP-Konzentration zusammenfällt. Dies könnte auf eine Keratinocyten-Subpopulation hinweisen. Die Zugabe von Vitamin A-Säure 14 h oder 14 Tage nach Kulturansatz führte zu sofortiger, wenn auch zeitlich begrenzter Abnahme der cAMP- und cGMP-Konzentration sowie einer Welle von Thymidin-Aufnahme die nicht mit einer Zunahme des DNA-Gehalts in der Petrischale verbunden war. Somit wirkt eine einmalige Behandlung mit Vitamin A-Säure nur dann Mitoseauslösend, wenn deren zugabe beim Ansetzen der Zellkultur erfolgte. Zu späteren Zeitpunkten verursacht Vitamin A-Säure Veränderungen in der Konzentration der cyclischen Nukleotide ohne bemerkbare Zellproliferation.
    Notes: Summary Primary cultures of guinea pig ear keratinocytes were treated with vitamin A acid at plating, or at 14 h or 14 days after plating. The intracellular content of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP was determined by radioimmunoassay at intervals during a period of 50 h after treatment. When added at plating, vitamin A acid produced a wave of DNA synthesis and increase in DNA which was at maximum between 30 and 40 h after plating, and coincided with decreased cAMP levels. This may represent a subpopulation of keratinocytes in S phase. Treatment with vitamin A acid at 14 h or 14 days after plating resulted in an immediate but temporary fall in cAMP and cGMP, and a wave of thymidine uptake but no increase in DNA per dish. Thus, a single treatment with vitamin A acid is mitogenic only when applied at plating. At other times, it can cause changes in cyclic nucleotide content without any observable cell proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Polyamines ; Keratinocytes ; Differentiation ; Methylglyoxal bisguanylhydrazone ; Psoriasis ; Polyamin ; Keratinocyten ; Differenzierung ; Methylglyoxal bisguanylhydrazone ; Psoriasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Putrescin-, Spermidin- und Spermingehalt in Subkulturen von menschlichen Vorhaut-Keratinocyten wurde während der Phase des schnellen Wachstums und der frühen Plateau-Phase bestimmt. Der höchste Wert wurde in der Wachstums-Phase gefunden. Zugabe von Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) während der Wachstums-Phase resultierte in einer konzentrationsabhängigen Abnahme des intracellulären Spermidin- und Spermingehaltes und bei hoher Konzentration Zunahme des Putrescingehaltes. Diese Wirkungen reflektieren die Hemmung der S-adenosyl methionine Decarboxylase durch Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). Eine Konzentration dieser Substanz von 8×10-6 M reduzierte den Einbau von radioaktivem Leucin in Eiweiß, reduzierte oder verhinderte die Ansammlung von DNA per Petrischale, inhibierte die mitotische Aktivität und erhöhte den Histidin/Leucin Einbau in Eiweiß. Letztere Wirkung wird als Induzierung der Epithelisierung angesehen. Alle diese Wirkungen waren reversibel, wenn die Inhibitor-Substanz nach 3 Tagen abgewaschen wurde. Hemmung der Enzyme der Polyamin Biosynthese können möglicherweise in der Psoriasistherapie wertvoll sein.
    Notes: Summary The putrescine, spermidine, and spermine content of subcultured human newborn foreskin keratinocytes was determined during growth and early plateau phase and found to be highest during growth. Exposure of the cells to methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) during growth phase caused a dose-dependent fall in intracellular spermidine and spermine levels and an increase in putrescine levels at higher concentrations. These effects reflect inhibition of S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase by the drug. At 8×10-6 M the drug reduced incorporation of leucine into protein, lowered or stopped the accumulation of DNA per dish, inhibited mitotic activity, and increased the histidine/leucine incorporation into protein. The last effect is regarded as induction of keratinization. All these effects were reversible if the use of the drug was discontinued after 3 days. Inhibition of the enzymes of polyamine biosynthesis may have value in psoriasis therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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