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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity coefficients in aqueous mixtures of hydrochloric acid and lanthanum chloride at 25°C (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 10 (1981), S. 683-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficients ; hydrochloric acid ; lanthanum chloride ; ternary mixtures ; Harned's rule ; Pitzer's equations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Activity coefficients of hydrochloric acid in aqueous solutions of lanthanum chloride were determined by an emf method at 25°C over an ionic strength range 0.05–3 mol-kg−1. Harned's rule was obeyed within experimental error by the acid in all the mixtures. However, the fit with Pitzer's equations was not as good as the Harned rule fit, even though the effects of higher-order electrostatic terms were considered. Activity coefficients for the salt in the mixtures were derived using the Pitzer equations and fitted to the Harned equation, whereupon Harned's rule was found to be valid for the salt up to an ionic strength of 0.3 mol-kg−1 only.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00646719
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromotive-force studies of mixed electrolytes in mixed solvents. HCl+NH4Cl in methanol+water solvents at 25°C (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 7 (1978), S. 349-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Mixed electrolytes ; mixed solvents ; Harned's method ; ion-ion interactions ; ion-solvent interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electromotive-force measurements of the cell Pt, H2(g, 1 atm)|HCl(m1), NH4Cl(m2), methanol(X%), Water(100−X)%|AgCl|Ag have been made at 25°C for m1+m2=1 mole-kg−1 and X=0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% methanol by weight. Hydrochloric acid obeys Harned's rule in aqueous solutions, but a quadratic term is required in the mixed solvents. The Harned coefficients for the acid vary with solvent composition, and this invalidates the applicability of Harned's method for estimating activity coefficients for single electrolytes in mixed solvents. This method is described and the reason for the inapplicability of the method is discussed in terms of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00662895
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies of calculation methods for activity coefficients of unsymmetrical mixed electrolytes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 21 (1992), S. 963-970 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficients ; mixed electrolytes ; Scatchard ; Pitzer and Lim's methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Several methods for the calculation of activity coefficients for binary mixed electrolytes are compared. Their accuracies are analysed and the reasons for the different degrees of accuracies are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650872
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionic interactions in the system HBr + BaBr2 + H2O at 25°C (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 8 (1979), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficients ; hydrobromic acid ; barium bromide ; mixed electrolytes ; Pitzer's equations ; Scatchard's equations ; ionic interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Electromotive-force measurements are reported for mixtures of HBr and BaBr2 in water at 25°C at constant total ionic strengths. Activity coefficients for HBr were analyzed using Pitzer's equations and Scatchard's neutral-electrolyte treatment. Both methods gave comparable results if the effects of higher-order electrostatic terms on the H+−Ba+2 interactions were included in Pitzer's treatment. Furthermore, the value of the H+−Ba+2 interaction parameter, θ(s), which should be independent of the anion, is indeed close to that for binary mixtures of these ions having chloride as common ion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650745
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    All mixing coefficients and consistency test calculations for binary mixed electrolytes (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 16 (1987), S. 917-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Keywords: Activity coefficients ; binary mixed electrolytes ; HCl ; KCl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Two new methods are reported from which the mixing activity coefficients of both electrolytes in a binary mixture can be computed simultaneously from fitting the activity coefficients of one of the electrolytes only and without using the derivatives of the parameters. Furthermore, variations caused by changing the fractional ionic strengths at fixed total ionic strength entails no assumptions about the ionic strength dependence of the mixing coefficients. The methods are shown to be superior to other methods. The results for the system HCl+KCl at 25°C are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650995
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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