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Digitale Medien

Scale and resolution of forest structural pattern (1988)

Smith, Thomas M. ; Urban, Dean L.

Springer

Plant ecology 74 (1988), S. 143-150

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ISSN: 1573-5052

Schlagwort(e): Aggregation ; Forest-structure ; Gap dynamics ; Landscape ; Succession

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Abstract An individual tree-based forest succession model was modified to simulate a forest stand as a grid of contiguous 0.01-ha cells. We simulated a 9 ha stand for 750 years and sampled the stand at 50 yr intervals, outputting structural variables for each grid cell. Principal components analysis was used to depict temporal patterns in forest structure as observed in 0.01 ha samples (individual grid cells). We then resampled the grid using square aggregates of 4 to 100 grid cells as quadrats. Principal component scores recalculated for the aggregates, using the original (0.01 ha scale) scoring matrix, depict the effects of obervational scale on perceived patterns in forest structure. Larger quadrats reduce the apparent variation in forest structure and decrease the apparent rate of structural dynamics. Results support a scale-dependent conceptualization of forest systems by illustrating the qualitative difference in forest dynamics as viewed at the scale of individual gap elements as compared to the larger scale steady state mosaic. The aggregation exercise emphasizes the relationship between these two observational scales and serves as a general framework for understanding scaling relationships in ecological phenomena.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044739

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Digitale Medien

Primary-particle-beam-induced reduction of silver acetate in glycerol solutions to form a silver mirror (1989)

Dean, L. K. L. ; Busch, Kenneth L.

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

Biological Mass Spectrometry 24 (1989), S. 733-736

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ISSN: 0030-493X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The liquid SIMS mass spectra of silver acetate dissolved in a glycerol matrix is discussed, with emphasis on the formation of a ‘silver mirror’ on the surface of the glycerol droplet owing to reduction of the silver acetate. Silver clusters containing up to three silver atoms have been observed from this mirrored surface; Ag3+ cluster ions are not observed in the spectrum when conditions are such that the mirror is not formed. For example, use of a slightly oxidizing matrix (o-nitrophenyl octyl ether or m-nitrobenzylalcohol) prevents formation of the ‘mirror’; only Ag+ is sputtered from this surface.

Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.