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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of different volume therapies on platelet function in the critically ill (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1075-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Critically ill ; Sepsis ; Trauma ; Volume therapy ; Platelet function ; Aggregometry ; Hydroxyethyl starch solution ; Albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Both albumin and synthetic colloids such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution are used to optimize hemodynamics in the critically ill. The influence of different long-term infusion regimes on platelet function was studied. Design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: Clinical investigation on a university hospital surgical intensive care unit. Patients: Twenty-eight consecutive trauma patients (injury severity score〉15 points) and 28 consecutive nontraumatized surgical patients with sepsis. Interventions: The patients received either 20% human albumin (HA trauma, n=14; HA sepsis, n=14) or 10% low-molecular-weight HES solution HES 200/0.5 (HES trauma, n=14; HES sepsis; n=14) for 5 days to maintain central venous pressure and/or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure between 12 and 16 mmHg. Measurements and results: Platelet function was assessed by aggregometry (=turbidimetric technique) using adenosine diphosphate 2.0 μmol/l, collagen 4 μl/ml, and epinephrine 25 μmol/l as inductors. Arterial blood was sampled on the day of admission or the day of diagnosis of sepsis (=baseline value) and over the next 5 days. Standard coagulation parameters (antithrombin III, fibrinogen, partial thromboplastin time) were also measured. Total use of HES by the 5th day totalled 4870±990 ml in the trauma and 3260±790 ml in the sepsis patients (HA trauma: 1850±380 ml; HA sepsis: 1790±400 ml). Maximum platelet aggregation decreased significantly during the first 2–3 days after baseline in all groups. At the end of the investigation period, platelet aggregation variables had recovered and reached (or even exceeded) baseline values. Within the entire investigation period, the course of platelet aggregation variables did not differ significantly between HA and HES-treated patients irrespective of whether they were trauma or sepsis patients. Conclusions: Alterations in hemostasis may occur for several reasons in the critically ill. Human albumin is the preferred first-line volume therapy in patients at risk for coagulation disorders. With respect to platelet function, volume replacement with (lower-priced) low-molecular-weight HES solutions can be recommended in this situation without any risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01699231
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of different volume therapies on platelet function in the critically ill (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1075-1081 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Critically ill ; Sepsis ; Trauma ; Volume therapy ; Platelet function ; Aggregometry ; Hydroxyethyl starch solution ; Albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective Both albumin and synthetic colloids such as hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution are used to optimize hemodynamics in the critically ill. The influence of different long-term infusion regimes on platelet function was studied. Design Prospective, randomized study. Setting Clinical investigation on a university hospital surgical intensive care unit. Patients Twenty-eight consecutive trauma patients (injury severity score〉15 points) and 28 consecutive nontraumatized surgical patients with sepsis. Interventions The patients received either 20% human albumin (HA trauma,n=14; HA sepsis,n=14) or 10% low-molecular-weight HES solution HES 200/0.5 (HES trauma,n=14; HES sepsis;n=14) for 5 days to maintain central venous pressure and/or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure between 12 and 16 mmHg. Measurements and results Platelet function was assessed by aggregometry (=turbidimetric technique) using adenosine diphosphate 2.0 μmol/l, collagen 4 μl/ml, and epinephrine 25 μmol/l as inductors. Arterial blood was sampled on the day of admission or the day of diagnosis of sepsis (=baseline value) and over the next 5 days. Standard coagulation parameters (antithrombin III, fibrinogen, partial thromboplastin time) were also measured. Total use of HES by the 5th day totalled 4870±990 ml in the trauma and 3260±790 ml in the sepsis patients (HA trauma: 1850±380 ml; HA sepsis: 1790±400 ml). Maximum platelet aggregation decreased significantly during the first 2–3 days after baseline in all groups. At the end of the investigation period, platelet aggregation variables had recovered and reached (or even exceeded) baseline values. Within the entire investigation period, the course of platelet aggregation variables did not differ significantly between HA and HES-treated patients irrespective of whether they were trauma or sepsis patients. Conclusions Alterations in hemostasis may occur for several reasons in the critically ill. Human albumin is the preferred first-line volume therapy in patients at risk for coagulation disorders. With respect to platelet function, volume replacement with (lower-priced) low-molecular-weight HES solutions can be recommended in this situation without any risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01699231
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume therapy in the critically ill: is there a difference? (1998)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 24 (1998), S. 28-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Critically ill ; Sepsis ; Trauma ; Volume therapy ; Albumin ; Hydroxyethylstarch solution ; Macrocirculation ; Microcirculation ; Pulmonary function ; Renal ; function ; Coagulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: There are still several concerns about the extensive and prolonged use of hydroxyethylstarch solution (HES) in critically ill patients. The effects of volume replacement with HES over 5 days on hemodynamics, laboratory data, and organ function were compared with volume therapy using human albumin (HA). Design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: Clinical investigations on a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. Patients: 150 traumatized patients (injury severity score 〉 15) and 150 postoperative patients with sepsis were analyzed. Interventions: Either 10 % low-molecular weight HES (HES-trauma, n = 75; HES-sepsis, n = 75) or 20 % HA (HA-trauma, n = 75; HA-sepsis, n = 75) was given for 5 days to maintain the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) between 12 and 15 torr. The entire management of therapy of the patients was performed by physicians who were not involved in the study and blinded to the infusion regimen. Measurements and results: In addition to extensive cardiorespiratory monitoring, several routine laboratory parameters for assessing pulmonary, renal, hepatic, and coagulation function were analyzed from arterial blood samples on the day of admission to the ICU and on the day of sepsis diagnosis, respectively (“baseline” value) and daily over the following 5 days. Mortality during and after the study did not differ significantly between the infusion groups. There were also no differences between the incidence of pulmonary, renal, or hepatic failure in the two subgroups. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and PCWP were similar in both subgroups, whereas cardiac index, oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, and the ratio between the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and fractional inspired oxygen were higher in the HES- than in the HA-treated groups. Standard coagulation parameters did not differ, albumin concentration increased significantly in both HA groups, and lactate concentrations decreased only in the HES-sepsis patients (from 2.8 ± 0.5 to 1.5 ± 0.4 mg/dl). Volume replacement using albumin was significantly (p 〈 0.001) more costly than therapy with HES. Conclusions: Volume therapy with 10 % HES for 5 days in the ICU patient showed no disadvantages compared with an infusion regimen using 20 % albumin. Volume replacement using HES may even be associated with improved hemodynamics. HES appears to be a valuable and significantly cheaper alternative to albumin – even for prolonged volume therapy in the critically ill patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050511
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Titantetrafluorid - Eine überraschend einfache Kolumnarstruktur (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1227-1231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: TiF4 ; preparation, single crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Titanium Tetrafluoride - a Surprising Simple Column StructureFor the first time single crystals of TiF4 have been obtained by solvothermal decomposition of (O2)2Ti7F30 in anhydrous HF. The colourless, transparent needles crystallize orthorhombic in spacegroup Pnma-D2h16 (No. 62) with a = 2 281.1, b = 384.8, c = 956.8 pm, Z = 12. The new type of structure is dominated by isolated columns of corner-linked TiF6-octahedra.
    Notes: Durch Solvothermalsynthese in wasserfreier HF gelang es endlich erstmals, TiF4 aus (O2)2Ti7F30 in Form solcher Einkristalle darzustellen, die eine Strukturbestimmung ermöglichten. Die farblosen, transparenten Nadeln kristallisieren in der Raumgruppe Pnma-D2h16 (Nr. 62) mit a = 2 281,1, b = 384,8, c = 956,8 pm, Z = 12. TiF4 bildet einen eigenen Strukturtyp, dessen charakteristisches Merkmal von einander isolierte, aus TiF6-Oktaedern aufgebaute Säulen sind (Kolumnarstruktur).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210720
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Hydrolyse von Eisen(III)-Salz-Lösungen. II Die Alterung der Hydrolyseprodukte (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 114-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Hydrolysis of Iron (III) Salt Solutions. II. Ageing of Hydrolysis ProductsThe long time ageing up to 15 years of the products obtained by alkalifying iron(III) chloride solutions to different neutralisation degrees has been studied. The concentration of the Fe3+ and the Cl- ions, the strength of the alkali, and the rate of its addition influence the results. Slow alkalifying produced up to 90% neutralisation β-FeOOH. The transformation of the amorphous iron(III) oxidehydroxide to β-FeOOH was promoted by a high concentration of the Cl- ions. When a large amount of amorphous iron(III) oxidehydroxide was formed, intimately intergrown crystals of α- and β-FeOOH resulted. On further ageing β-FeOOH transformed into α-FeOOH. At a degree of neutralisation of 95 and 100% transformation of the amorphous iron(III) oxidehydroxide into α-Fe2O3 occurred. The 100% neutralized precipitate, however, remained partly amorphous. Authors discuss the factors that determine very slow reactions leading to these results.
    Notes: Es wird über die Alterung (bis zu 15 Jahren) von Produkten berichtet, die durch Alkalisierung von Eisen(III)-chlorid-Lösung bis zu verschiedenen Neutralisationsgraden erhalten wurden. Die Konzentration an Fe3+- und Cl-_Ionen, die Alkalistärke und die Geschwindigkeit der Zugabe beeinflußten die Ergebnisse. Langsames Alkalisieren ergibt bis zu 90%iger Neutralisation β-FeOOH. Die Umwandlung des amorphen Eisen(III)-oxidhydroxids in β-FeOOH wird durch eine hohe Konzentration an Cl-_Ionen gefördert. Nach der Bildung einer größeren Menge von amorphem Eisen(III)-oxidhydroxid entstehen innig verwachsene Kristalle von α- und β-FeOOH. Bei weiterer Alterung geht β- in α-FeOOH über. Bei einer Neutralisation von 95 bis 100% erfolgt eine Umwandlung des amorphen Eisen(III)-oxidhydroxids in α-Fe2O3. Zu 100% neutralisierte Niederschläge verbleiben jedoch teilweise amorph. Die Autoren diskutieren die Faktoren, die die sehr langsame Reaktion bestimmen und zu diesen Ergebnissen führen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754170207
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einige Umsetzungen am Cholestantriol (1937)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 70 (1937), S. 1947-1952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19370700918
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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