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  • Electronic Resource  (7)
  • Allozymes  (4)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary analysis of Pinus densata Masters, a putative Tertiary hybrid (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 80 (1990), S. 635-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pinus ; Species hybridization ; Allozymes ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Allozyme differentiation at 13 loci was studied in populations of Pinus tabulaeformis, P. densata, and P. yunnanensis from China. It was previously suggested that P. densata represents a Tertiary hybrid between P. tabulaeformis and P. yunnanensis. The observed levels of allozyme variation within and among the investigated species were comparable to those of other conifers. P. tabulaeformis differed markedly from P. yunnanensis with respect to allozyme frequencies, while P. densata was intermediate between the two putative parents. There was evidence of homozygote excess in embryos from all investigated species, as compared to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The observed allozyme composition of P. densata conformed to earlier morphological and molecular evidence indicating hybrid origin of this taxon. It was proposed that fusion of gene pools from P. tabulaeformis and P. yunnanensis has led to adaptive evolution of a new species, P. densata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224223
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular systematics and genetic differentiation of Pinus sylvestris (L.) and P. densiflora (Sieb. et Zucc.) (1993)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 86 (1993), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Allozymes ; Chloroplast DNA ; Introgression ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Allozyme variation was examined in 22 populations of Pinus densiflora (Sieb, et Zucc.) and four geographic varieties of P. sylvestris (L.): var ‘lapponica’ (Fries, Hartman), var ‘armena’ (Komarov), var ‘mongolica’ (Litvinov) and var ‘sylvestriformis’ (Takenouchi). In addition, we developed paternal chloroplast (cp) DNA markers that distinguish P. densiflora from var ‘lapponica’, var ‘armena’ and var ‘mongolica’. UPGMA cluster analysis based on Nei's distances between all pairwise combinations of the 22 populations revealed patterns corresponding strictly to geographic origin and taxonomic status. Analysis of allozyme variation in var ‘lapponica’, var ‘armena’ and var ‘mongolica’ demonstrated a high level of intrapopulational variability but a low level of interpopulational differentiation. It appears that the late Pleistocene blending of genetically diverse populations was responsible for the observed variation patterns. The constructed phylogenetic trees also showed late divergence of these three varieties. The var ‘sylvestri formis’ was genetically distinct from the other three P. sylvestris varieties. The genetic distances separating var ‘sylvestriformis’ from P. densiflora and the other taxa lend support to a separate taxonomic status for var ‘sylvestriformis’ and a close relation with P. densiflora. We found that var ‘sylvestriformis’ harbors admixtures of allozymes and cpDNA from both P. sylvestris and P. densiflora, which suggests an introgressive nature of this variety. Levels of intrapopulational variability were similar in P. sylvestris and P. densiflora, but interpopulational differentiation was much higher in P. densiflora. In the constructed phylogenetic trees, populations of this species were characterized by relatively long internode distances and branch lengths. The present results suggest that P. densiflora has a more advanced evolutionary age than P. sylvestris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222074
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasting patterns of genetic diversity in two tropical pines: Pinus kesiya (Royle ex Gordon) and P. merkusii (Jungh et De Vriese) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 436-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pinus ; Allozymes ; Chloroplast DNA ; Genetic variation ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied allozyme and chloroplast (cp) DNA variation in natural populations of Pinus kesiya and P. merkusii from Thailand and Vietnam. The results showed striking differences between the two species in the amount and distribution of allozyme variation. P. kesiya harboured considerable allozyme variation and showed weak interpopulational differentiation. In contrast, P. merkmii had very low intrapopulational variability but a high level of interpopulational differentiation. The average Nei's genetic distance separating the two species was exceptionally high (0.701) taking into account their close taxonomic placement in the same subsection Sylvestres. The constructed phylogenetic trees revealed very early divergence of P. kesiya and P. merkusii. The present analysis of cpDNA variation also confirmed the dissimilar character of these two species and was compatible with other evidence indicating the outstanding position of P. merkusii as compared to other Asian members of the subsection Sylvestres. Analysis of cpDNA variation in sympatric populations of P. kesiya and P. merkusii revealed that they are pure representatives of the species in question. This result indicates that despite an overlapping distribution P. kesiya and P. merkusii do not hybridise in nature. We suggest that the distinctive character of P. merkusii is a result of an early separation from other Eurasian pines. Despite spatial proximity, P. kesiya and P. merkusii are kept apart by strong reproductive barriers. The low genetic variability of P. merkusii may be explained by previous bottlenecks, reduced gene flow among populations, and an inbreeding due to small population size and asynchronous flowering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223690
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contrasting patterns of genetic diversity in two tropical pines: Pinus kesiya (Royle ex Gordon) and P. merkusii (Jungh et De Vriese) (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 436-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words  Pinus ; Allozymes ; Chloroplast DNA ; Genetic variation ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract   We studied allozyme and chloroplast (cp) DNA variation in natural populations of Pinus kesiya and P. merkusii from Thailand and Vietnam. The results showed striking differences between the two species in the amount and distribution of allozyme variation. P. kesiya harboured considerable allozyme variation and showed weak interpopulational differentiation. In contrast, P. merkusii had very low intrapopulational variability but a high level of interpopulational differentiation. The average Nei's genetic distance separating the two species was exceptionally high (0.701) taking into account their close taxonomic placement in the same subsection Sylvestres. The constructed phylogenetic trees revealed very early divergence of P. kesiya and P. merkusii. The present analysis of cpDNA variation also confirmed the dissimilar character of these two species and was compatible with other evidence indicating the outstanding position of P. merkusii as compared to other Asian members of the subsection Sylvestres. Analysis of cpDNA variation in sympatric populations of P. kesiya and P. merkusii revealed that they are pure representatives of the species in question. This result indicates that despite an overlapping distribution P. kesiya and P. merkusii do not hybridise in nature. We suggest that the distinctive character of P. merkusii is a result of an early separation from other Eurasian pines. Despite spatial proximity, P. kesiya and P. merkusii are kept apart by strong reproductive barriers. The low genetic variability of P. merkusii may be explained by previous bottlenecks, reduced gene flow among populations, and an inbreeding due to small population size and asynchronous flowering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050146
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the gel effect in the presence of a chain transfer agent in methyl methacrylate polymerization and its copolymerization with various acrylates (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 2179-2188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization, and of its copolymerization with various acrylates, at high conversions in the presence of a chain transfer agent, are investigated with a dilatometer over the entire course of reaction. The displacement to higher conversions of the onset of the gel effect in the MMA homopolymerization, in the presence of a chain transfer agent, was determined. Similar information is also provided for the MMA-acrylate copolymerization systems. An increase in polymerization temperature slightly delays the onset of the gel effect in the MMA-acrylate copolymerization, but considerably increases the final conversion. The final conversion in copolymerization for a constant concentration of the chain transfer agent is independent of the initiator concentration, but is a function of the polymerization temperature. The reaction time for reaching the limiting conversion in copolymerization is increased with an increasing amount of the second monomer, as well as with an increasing number of carbon atoms in the acrylate used as the second monomer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070491214
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Porous-coated titanium implant impregnated with a biodegradable protein delivery system (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 36 (1997), S. 516-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: porous-coated ; titanium ; PLA-PGA ; protein release ; degradation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Tissue ingrowth into porous-coated orthopedic and dental implants is commonly used as a means to achieve long-term fixation of these prostheses. However, the degree of tissue ingrowth is often inadequate and inconsistent. If the pores of these implants are impregnated with a controlled drug release system delivering relevant growth factors, then it might be possible to stimulate more tissue ingrowth. The present study introduces such a system based on biodegradable polymers and investigates its protein release profile and polymer degradation characteristics. Porous coated titanium implants were impregnated with a mixture of a 50%-50% polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer and a model protein, soybean trypsin inhibitor. Control implants contained only the polymer and no protein. The implants were subjected to hydrolytic degradation in phosphate buffered saline at 37°C for periods of 3, 6, and 11 weeks. The protein release and the mass and molecular weight of the polymer were monitored. The results indicate that the protein is released in three distinct phases and the polymer loses almost all its mass and molecular weight by 11 weeks. There was a significant difference in the polymer degradation characteristics between the control and test implants, which might be the result of some complex polymer-protein interactions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 36, 516-521, 1997.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XPS analysis of hydroxide ion surface reactions on reactions on CeF3 and LaF3 fluoride ion-selective electrodes (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 917-921 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: XPS analysis ; Fluoride ; Ion selective electrode ; Surface analysis ; Hydroxide interference ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lanthanum fluoride and cerium fluoride single crystals, used as the sensing membranes of the fluoride ion-selective electrode (F-ISE), were investigated for their hydroxide interference and surface reactions with OH- in high pH conditions. While these membranes show fast response and excellent Nernstian behavior over a wide concertration range in buffered F- solutions, they deviate from the theoretical slope at high pH. CeF3, in particular, exhibits a much larger deviation from the Nernstian slope and a substantially slower response to a F- activity change compared to LaF3. This larger deviation is due to more extensive and faster formation of hydroxo-complexes, with the release of a greater amount of the fluoride ion into the hydrated gel layer. The slower response of the CeF3 membrane after contact with OH- is due to the formation of CeIV oxide on the surface, which acts as a blocking layer to the exchange of F-.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091210
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