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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Psychostimulant self-administration by beagle dogs in a progressive-ratio paradigm (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 75 (1981), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Self-administration ; Reinforcing efficacy ; Progressive-ratio ; Dog ; Cocaine ; Amphetamine ; Mazindol ; Fenfluramine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relative reinforcing efficacy of cocaine, amphetamine, mazindol, and fenfluramine was quantified using a progressive-ratio paradigm. Catheterized beagle dogs (N=6) were given access to response-contingent drug infusions during three 1-h trials each day. According to a predetermined schedule, the response requirement to obtain one infusion each trial was increased daily until the dogs failed to complete the necessary fixed-ratio (FR); i. e., until they reached a “break-point” in their ratio behavior. Fenfluramine (in doses ranging from 0.0625–4.0 mg/kg/infusion) did not maintain self-administration behavior at or above the minimum requirement (FR 30). In contrast, all doses of cocaine (0.2–1.6 mg/kg/infusion), d-amphetamine (0.035–0.28 mg/kg/infusion), and mazindol (0.0225–0.18 mg/kg/infusion) sustained responding at large FR values. The highest FR values were maintained by cocaine, followed by d-amphetamine, then mazindol. Generally the dogs completed higher FRs for higher doses of a drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433496
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Individual differences in average evoked responses to d- and l-amphetamine with and without lithium carbonate in depressed patients (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 51 (1977), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Average evoked response ; Amphetamine ; Lithium ; Affective illness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Visual average evoked responses (AERs) to four intensities of light were studied in hospitalized depressed patients receiving placebo, d-amphetamine, l-amphetamine, lithium and d- and l-amphetamine combined with lithium. For the assessment of the subjective effects of the drugs, the patients completed a 34-item mood and behavior self-rating scale. AER responses to repeated doses of the amphetamines were consistent within the same individual but varied greatly between different individuals. For the patient group considered as a whole, only minor AER changes occurred in response to either d- or l-amphetamine; nonetheless, these minor changes were attenuated by lithium co-administration. There were indications, however, that AER baseline measures could be used as predictors of change in self-rating due to both d-and l-amphetamine, as patients who had larger AER amplitudes on baseline also tended to have larger increases in activation ratings and reductions in depression ratings. The amount of increase in AER amplitude or amplitude/intensity slope seen with amphetamine was also significantly correlated with the amount of increase in activation or euphoria ratings with amphetamine administration. These effects were most prominent in the same P100 component that we have previously found to differentiate bipolar and unipolar depressed patient groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431728
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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