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  • Steric shielding  (4)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2)
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1995 (1995), S. 419-425 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Schlagwort(e): Basicity ; Imine protonation ; Solvent effect ; Steric shielding ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The protonation state of N-(1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-indanylidene)methylamine (5/6) is assessed on the basis of fully assigned 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra in [D8]toluene and in CDCl3. In either solvent the basicity of 5 remains intermediate between those of pyridine (weaker) and triethylamine (stronger). Nearly complete proton transfer to 5 in toluene occurs with trifluoroacetic and dichloroacetic acids, whereas partial protonation is achieved by chloroacetic acid or acetic acid and even by biphenyl-2,2′-diol (7). As a possible model for imine protonation in the hydrophobic region of proteins like the rhodopsins, the sterically shielded iminium cation 6 (or 2) does not require solvation by a polar solvent; rather it can be stabilized in toluene solution by a counteranion whose proton affinity is diminished by an assisting hydrogen bond.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Basicity ; Diastereotopomerization, (E/Z) ; Imines ; Steric shielding ; Steric strain ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: (E,Z) Equilibria, 15[1]. - Syntheses and Lability of the Configuration of 2-Iminoindan Derivatives with Front StrainSyntheses and properties are described for sterically shielded imines R2C = NR (3c, e, g-k), which are rather inert toward nucleophiles. Nucleophilic attack at the nitrogen atom of 3k is indicated by the formation of the azine 4. (E,Z) Configurational diastereotopomerization (anti/syn) is strongly dependent on N substituents [CH3, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, acetyl, Si(CH3)3, cyano, SC6H5, SOC6H5, SO2C6H5, and nitro]. It is accelerated by front strain along the C—N bond in 3a-c, e, g, h, j, and k and provides an energetic basis (by ΔG≠ and ΔΔG≠ values) for the gauging of force-field parameters. This (E,Z) stereo-mutation is characterized by a vanishing solvent dependence and a positive volume of activation (+10.2 cm3 mol-1 for 3a). In contrast to other π acceptor substituents, the N-nitro group in 31 retards (E,Z) interconversion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Schlagwort(e): Imines ; Permethylation ; Substitution, electrophilic aromatic ; Steric shielding ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 2,6-Dimethyl-N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentylidene)aniline (4h) is obtained by permethylation; it forms salts (5) by N-protonation. Its CN double bond is strongly shielded against nucleophilic attack and cannot be hydrolyzed. Nitration and bromination occur smoothly in the aromatic p-position (12, 13), showing the directing power of the lone electron pair of the imino function. This π-donor quality is assessed by probing weaker electrophiles and by qualitative competition experiments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Schlagwort(e): 13C NMR ; 1H NMR Olefins ; Substituent effects ; Substituent-induced chenical shifts (SCS) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: 1H and 13C NMR signals were assigned and CH coupling constants (1J, 2J, 3J) determined for a series of α-mono-and α,α-disubstituted (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-indanylidene)methanes with the following α-substituents: (mesityl)2B, n-propyl, phenyl, tert-butyl-C(=NH), cyano, (tert-butyl)2C(OH), pivaloyl, H2N-CO, PhNH-CO, carboxy, ritro, acetoxy, Me3SiO, Me3Si, PhS, PhSMe+, PhSO, PhSO2, bromo and trimethylstannyl. The 1J couplings with the olefinic proton span the range 124.3-193.7 Hz. Substituent-induced chemical shifts (SCS) of most of the nuclei with respect to the α-unsubstituted olefin obey simple additivity in the α,α-disubstituted compounds and are very similar to the SCS values along the C=N double bond in the isoelectronic (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-indanylidene)amines within the error limits. The exceptions concern nuclei in the immediate vicinity of the perturbing substituent. A dominant mechanistic contribution of electric field effects appears likely for the more distant aromatic part of the indanylidene moiety. The chemical shifts of two (2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentylidene)methanes are shown to be compatible with the SCS parameters from the indanylidene series.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Schlagwort(e): 13C NMR ; 1H NMR ; 9-Methylenefluorenes ; Substituent effects ; Substituent-induced chemical shifts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The two 13C NMR methyl signals of the sterically congested 9-benzylidene-1,8-dimethylfluorene (1a) have the surprisingly small separation of only 0.37 ppm; for 9-benzylidene-2,7-dimethylfluorene the corresponding methyl separation is 0.04 ppm. An alternative analysis of 1a with respect to 1,8-dimethylfluorene shows that the perturbing syn-phenyl substituent has caused a downfield ( + 0.47 ppm) 13C shift but an upfield 1H shift ( - 0.97 ppm) of the compressed 1-CH3 group. For further comparisons, NMR assignments were also made for 2,7-dimethylfluorene, 1,8-dimethylfluoren-9-one and 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylbut-1-ene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1994 (1994), S. 943-948 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Schlagwort(e): Acidity constants ; Basicity ; Imines ; Solvation ; Steric shielding ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: NMR spectra in combination with pH measurements are shown to provide a simple and convenient procedure for determining the basicities of imines which are either slowly hydrolyzed (4, 5) or completely stable but inconveniently weak bases (11-13). The method has the advantage that it does not require any precise knowledge of the concentrations of the substrates or reagents. N-Alkyl (4, 15) and N-unsubstituted imines (5, 8, 9, 14) show quite similar basicities with a weak solvent dependence (from pure water to 99.5% methanol) which is akin to that of pyridine. The N-aryl imines 10-13 are less basic by ca. 4 pK units. It is concluded that spatial solvent exclusion by bulky substituents has remarkably little effect on the pKa′ values.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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