Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of anions on the potassium status and productivity of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 133 (1991), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Key words ; anions ; chloride ; flowers ; fruit yield ; kiwifruit ; potassium ; sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of K fertiliser (160 kg ha-1) applied with Cl- or SO4 2- as the accompanying anion on the K nutrition of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa) were assessed in a field experiment, using vines with varying degrees of K deficiency. Leaf K concentrations in spring were significantly higher for vines receiving KCl, compared to those receiving K2SO4. This effect did not interact significantly with the degree of K deficiency, and persisted for about 6 weeks. Subsequently there was no significant difference between the leaf K concentrations for the vines receiving KCl or K2SO4. Applying K as KCl increased the leaf Cl concentration, especially in spring, while applying K as K2SO4 had no significant effect on the leaf S concentration at that time. These results implied a greater requirement for organic acid anions for K+ uptake from K2SO4 than from KCl, and the importance of organic acid anions for K+ uptake from different sources of K fertiliser is discussed. This transient effect of the accompanying anion on leaf K status was associated with large effects on flowering, and fruit yields were about 28% higher for plants receiving KCl rather than K2SO4. The effects on growth and tissue nutrient composition of varying the concentrations of Cl-, NO3 -, SO4 2- and H2PO4 - around the roots of kiwifruit vines were examined in a solution culture experiment. For H2PO4 -, plant growth was very similar over a wide range of rates of addition. For the other anions, the range between deficiency and ‘toxicity’ was clearly delineated. For Cl- and NO3 -, toxicity was associated with high tissue concentrations of Cl and N, respectively, and was consistent with competition for uptake between Cl- and NO3 -. However, for SO4 2-, toxicity was associated with only a small increase in the tissue S concentration relative to that associated with maximum growth, and appeared to result more from effects on uptake of other anions and cations rather than from direct effects of high tissue S concentrations. It is concluded that the sensitivity of kiwifruit to the anion accompanying K+ in fertiliser may be related to the unusually high requirement for Cl previously reported for this species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009193
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of 15N-labelled nitrogen fertilizer applied to kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 147 (1992), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonium ; field ; kiwifruit ; 15N ; nitrogen fertilizer ; recovery ; soil nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The fate of 15N-labelled ammonium fertilizer applied once to six-year-old field-grown kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’) vines was measured over three years. The three main treatments were nitrogen (N) applied singularly at 100 or 200 kg N ha−1 in early spring (two weeks before bud burst) or split with 100 kg N ha−1 (unlabelled) in early spring and 100 kg N ha−1 (15N-labelled) ten weeks later. All N treatments were applied to vines with a history of either 50 or 200 kg N ha−1 yr−1. For three years after 15n application, components of the vines and soil (0–600 mm depth) were sampled at harvest in late autumn and the N and 15N contents determined. By the first harvest, all plant uptake of 15N had occurred and this represented 48–53% of the 15N applied. There was no significant effect of current N fertilizer treatment or of N history on 15N recovery by vines. Removal of 15N in harvested fruit was small at 5–6% in the first year and 8% over 3 years. After 2–3 years, most plant 15N occurred in the roots and this component declined only slowly over time. In contrast, there was a large temporal decline in 15N in above-ground plant components due to the annual ‘removal’ in leaf fall and pruning. An associated experiment showed that when 15N-labelled prunings and leaves were mulched and returned to the soil, only about 9% was recovered by plants within 2 years. Almost all remaining mulched material had been immobilised into the soil organic N. In all treatments, about 20% of the added 15N remained in soil at the first harvest. This was almost entirely in organic fractions (〈0.4% in inorganic N) and mostly in the surface 150-mm layer. The 15N content in soil changed little over time (from 20 to 17% between the first and third harvests respectively) and indicated that most of the N had been immobilised into stable humus forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009370
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of 15N-labelled nitrogen fertilizer applied to kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 147 (1992), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: kiwifruit ; 15N ; plant uptake ; remobilisation ; temporal changes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Temporal changes in the nitrogen (N) and 15N content of various components of six-year-old kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’) vines which had received 15N-labelled ammonium fertilizer were measured. The fertilizer was applied singularly at 100 or 200 kg N ha−1 in early spring (two weeks before bud burst) or split with 100 kg N ha−1 (unlabelled) in early spring and 100 kg N ha−1 (15N-labelled) ten weeks later. All treatments were applied to vines with a history of either 50 or 200 kg N ha−1 yr−1. The N concentration of leaf and fruit tissue was generally lower in the 100 kg N ha−1 treatment than in the 200 kg N ha−1 treatments and this effect was greater than that of N fertilizer history. During the first 8 weeks after bud burst there was a rapid accumulation of N in leaves (ca. 80 kg N ha−1). Analysis of xylem sap at 4 weeks after bud burst revealed that about 60% of the N utilised for new growth was from remobilisation of N stored within the vines and about 40% from soil and fertilizer N. This was unaffected by rate of N application. Plant uptake of added 15N was rapid and almost complete within 10 weeks of application in either early spring or early summer. Initially, most 15N was present in the leaf and root components but these subsequently declined due to translocation into other components of the vine. The decline in leaf 15N coincided with an equivalent accumulation of 15N in the fruit. The 15N enrichment of the ‘annual’ components (leaves, fruit and current-season's shoots) was about twice that of the structural components (one-year-old shoots, cordon, stem and structural roots) during the first year after application. By the third year the 15N concentration of the annual components had declined to similar levels to that of the structural components. These changes were used to estimate the annual throughput of N from soil in vines which received no N fertilizer in years 2 and 3 at 50% of total above-ground N and only 7% in roots. This was equivalent to about 120 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Where fertilizer N (200 kg ha−1) was applied in year 2 the annual throughput of N from soil and fertilizer was about 170 kg N ha−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009371
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnesium deficiency of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) (1987)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 104 (1987), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinidia deliciosa ; foliar analysis ; kiwifruit ; magnesium deficiency ; mineral nutrition ; postharvest fruit storage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Magnesium deficiency was associated with large yield reductions in a five-year-old commercial kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) orchard. The effect on yield resulted primarily from a reduction in fruit numbers, there being no difference in mean fruit weight between fruit harvested from affected and unaffected vines. Magnesium deficiency had no deleterious effect on postharvest storage characteristics of fruit stored at 0.5–1°C for 18 weeks; fruit from deficient vines were firmer but had slightly lower soluble solids than fruit from control vines. Although deficiency symptoms were first observed on the basal leaves of the non-fruiting shoots mid season, indications of the impending deficiency could be established very early in the season using foliar analysis. Magnesium concentrations in youngest fully expanded leaves (YFEL) on the affected vines were less than 2.0 g kg−1 DM four weeks after budbreak and remained below this value for the rest of the season; concentrations in YFEL on unaffected vines did not decrease below this value and gradually increased after fruitset to 4.5 g kg−1 DM at harvest. To avert potential production losses, it is suggested that soluble magnesium fertilizers (containing at least 200 kg ha−1 Mg) should be broadcast early in the season if foliar magnesium concentrations less than 2.0 gkg−1 DM are measured four–six weeks after budbreak.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372543
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development and effects of nitrogen deficiency in field-grown kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) vines (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 129 (1990), S. 173-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: chloride ; kiwifruit ; leaf nitrogen concentration ; nitrate ; plant density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The development and effects of nitrogen (N) deficiency in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’) vines planted at three densities (25.0, 12.5 and 8.33 m2 vine−1) were examined in a long term (1982 to 1989) field experiment in which N was applied at rates from 0 to 200 kg N ha−1 year−1. The rate of applied N significantly affected leaf N concentrations every year from 1985 onwards, and the average leaf N concentrations declined throughout the experiment. Fruit N concentrations varied significantly with the level of applied N as early as 1986. The average fruit N concentrations varied strongly between years, and were inversely proportional to the fruit number (per m2), indicating that, after fruit set, growth of individual fruit was relatively insensitive to the vine N status. Effects of N supply on fruit yields resulted mostly from changes in fruit number (per m2). For vines planted at the high density, fruit yields responded significantly to the level of applied N each season from 1986 onwards. In any year, maximum fruit yields for vines planted at the high density were associated with leaf N concentrations (20 weeks after bud burst) of at least 1.8 mmol g−1. For vines planted at low density, significant yield responses to the level of applied N were not recorded until 1988, and maximum yields in that year were associated with leaf N concentrations of at least 1.4 mmol g−1. The delayed expression of effects of N deficiency on fruit yields for vines planted at low density appeared to follow a shift in partitioning of resources in favour of fruit growth. This shift in partitioning did not appear to be sustainable, and by 1989 the fruit yield response to applied N continued to the highest N level tested. In that year, the leaf N concentration associated with maximum yield was 1.8 mmol g−1, the same as that recorded throughout the experiment for the vines planted at high density. In the last two seasons of the experiment, leaf necrosis developed extensively on vines receiving less than the highest rate of N. This necrosis appeared to be premature senescence resulting from N deficiency. Leaf chloride (Cl) concentrations increased significantly with increasing severity of N deficiency, but were never more than those associated with Cl toxicity. While N supply significantly affected fruit firmness immediately post-harvest, there were no significant effects on fruit firmness after 12–20 weeks storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00032410
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High mass material (〉104 daltons) in a coal liquefaction extract, by laser-desorption mass spectrometry (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 5 (1991), S. 364-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The use of a laser-desorption mass spectrometer to examine a coal liquefaction extract known to contain high-molecular-mass material (from size-exclusion chromatography) has shown the presence of components of molecular mass in excess of 104Da for the first time. The molecules detected differ from each other in molecular mass by a few hundred or a few thousand Da. These preliminary results indicate that the basic coal-structure molecules probably consist of aromatic clusters on a chin, in reasonable agreement with current theories of coal structure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290050807
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of molecular masses up to 270 000 u in coal and coal-derived products by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 795-799 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Molecular masses up to 270 000 u have been observed during matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectroscopy on a sample of bituminous coal; the major fraction of desorbed ions appeared between m/z values of 800 and 5000. Similar mass distributions have been found in a coal-liquefaction extract and a pyrolysis tar. The highest molecular masses identified in this work far exceed previously reported high molecular masses found in coal-derived products (12 000 u), which were also detected by laser-desorption mass spectrometry.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070903
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbon clusters from coal-derived materials (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 360-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The production of carbon clusters (but not fullerenes) from coal-derived material by the use of laser desorption mass spectrometry is described. Benzo(e)pyrene, a standard polynuclear hydrocarbon found in coal tars, also gave carbon clusters despite using low laser power to avoid pyrolysis of target molecules. Positive- and negative-ion spectra of the standard included carbon clusters. These clusters are formed by the laser energy and can be confused with aromatic hydrocarbons of the same nominal masses. They have no relevance for studies of coal structure.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070510
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman spectral study of NbCl5 in chloroaluminate melts (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 8 (1979), S. 326-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Raman spectra of NbCl5 dissolved in AlCl3-NaCl and AlCl3-KCl melten and molten Al2Cl6 have been examined as a function of melt composition, temperature, and NbCl5 concentration. The results are compared with previously published data. The binary AlCl3-NbCl5 system at ∼200°C contains noninteracting NbCl5, Nb2Cl10 and Al2Cl6 molecules. The complexes formed when NbCl5 is dissolved in AlCl3-MCl (M=Na and K) melts depend on acidity and temperature: NbCl6- is present only in very basic melts; NbCl5 is stable in basic and acidic melts; Nb2Cl10 is found only in acidic melts. High temperature favors formation of NbCl5 while low temperature stabilizes Nb2Cl10.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250080607
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Raman spectra of molten SbCl3/AlCl3 mixtures (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 9 (1980), S. 188-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Raman spectra were obtained for nine molten mixtures of SbCl3 and AlCl3, as well as for the pure components. Also three molten mixtures of AlCl3/NaCl/SbCl3 were studied. Molten AlCl3 contains molecular Al2Cl6(D2h) while molten SbCl3 contains pyramidal (C3v) molecules aligned head to tail. The Raman spectra showed the presence of Al2Cl6 molecules in molten SbCl3/AlCl3 mixtures containing 40 mol% or more AlCl3 but gave no evidence for the formation of SbCl2+ and AlCl4-. However, SbCl3 is structurally modified by the addition of AlCl3 as seen from the shift of the highest Sb—Cl stretching frequency. There is also spectral evidence that points to the formation of polymers that are different from those in pure SbCl3, and it cannot be ruled out that there may be a chloride-deficient antimony species in the AlCl3-rich mixtures. The molecular nature of the observed modifications in these mixtures cannot be deduced solely on the basis of the recorded spectra.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.1250090312
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...