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  • minirhizotron  (2)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: borescope ; competition ; herbicide ; minirhizotron ; pasture ; Prunus avium ; silvopastoral
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The use of a simple counting method using a borescope and minirhizotron system to study the interaction of roots of wild cherry trees (Prunus avium L) and pasture in an upland silvopastoral system is described. Operator variation was greatest when distinguishing different tree root categories (e.g. white, brown, woody) but was not significant in relation to total tree or grass root counts or species differences. Analysis of covariance was used to take these differences into account in a field trial using several operators. The seasonal patterns of tree and pasture root growth were different. Tree roots peaked in May before maximal shoot growth. The peak in pasture roots occurred two weeks earlier. Tree height growth was increased by the use of herbicides to control grass growth but this effect was only apparent during August when the soil was dry and when pasture root counts were reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: borescope ; minirhizotron ; pasture ; root length density ; silvopastoral ; wild cherry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A method for counting root intersections with observation tubes (mini- or micro-rhizotrons) is proposed that allows a theoretical conversion of root counts to estimated root length density and which is robust to the effects of tracking along the tubes. A field test showed that the method agreed well with measured root length densities in cores for wild cherry roots but not for roots of pasture species. The circumstances in which the method might be expected to perform well are discussed. Analysis of data from a field trial revealed that root counts were not uniformly distributed around the circumference of the observation tube. Implications for the design of such trials are noted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 22 (1991), S. 771-775 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) from citrate-coated colloidal particles suspended in organic solvents is used to study surface reactions in an organic phase. Stable colloids which gave good SERS were produced from ethanol and acetonitrile. SERS was easily discriminated from the bulk solvent Raman scattering. Compounds which are sparingly soluble in water including 2,2′-bipyridine and benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride produced good SERS in ethanol. In the latter case, no SERS was observed from an aqueous colloid. Therefore, some form of solvent-dependent molecular recognition may operate. The formation of a bipyridine complex with copper(II) at the surface in a solvent system in which the ligand and complex are both soluble was observed. The solvent altered surface reactions. In the ethanol colloid, in contrast to the result in aqueous colloid, pyridine does not replace citrate readily. This work demonstrates the potential for the expansion of the use of colloidal SERS into the field of surface reactions in contact with an organic phase and is related to metal liquid-like films.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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