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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter X-chromosomale bulbospinale Neuronopathie ; Kennedy-Syndrom ; Triplet-repeat-Erkrankung ; Androgenrezeptor ; Motoneuronerkrankung ; Key words X-chromosomal recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy ; Kennedy syndrome ; Triplet repeat disease ; Androgen receptor ; Motoneuron disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary X-chromosomal recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy (X-BNS, Kennedy's disease) is an important differential diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We present the data of ten own patients along with a review of the literature on this uncommon disease which is caused by an expanded CAG-repeat in the androgen receptor gene. This mutation probably affects the transcription regulating activity of the androgen receptor in neurons. Signs and symptoms of X-BSN can be derived from partial insensitivity for androgens and a mixed, mainly motor neuronopathy. The clinical diagnosis is based on: 1. lower motor neuron weakness of bulbar and proximal limb muscles with onset in the third to fifth decade, 2. cramps and pronounced fasciculations, particularly of facial muscles, 3. postural tremor, 4. diminished or absent sensory action potentials inspite of only minor sensory impairment, 5. gynecomastia, and 6. infertility, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipoproteinemia in a minority of cases. Unlike amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, disease progression is slow with barely shortened life expectancy, which should be stressed in patient counselling. Causal treatment is as yet unavailable but several aspects of palliative medicine should be considered.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im vorliegenden Artikel wird die X-chromosomal rezessive bulbospinale Neuronopathie (X-BSN, Kennedy-Syndrom) anhand der Beschreibung 10 eigener Patienten und einer Übersicht über die bisherige Literatur vorgestellt. Die Symptome leiten sich von einer motorischen und sensiblen Neuronopathie und einer partiellen Androgeninsensitivität ab. Wegweisend für die Diagnose sind daher: 1. atrophische Paresen, meist ab der 3. bis 5. Dekade, bulbär und proximal betont an den Extremitäten, 2. Muskelkrämpfe und ausgeprägte Faszikulationen, v. a. im Gesicht, 3. Haltetremor der Hände, 4. deutliche Amplitudenreduktion der sensiblen Nervenaktionspotentiale bei nur diskreten klinischen sensiblen Defiziten, 5. Gynäkomastie, 6. gelegentlich Infertilität, Diabetes mellitus und Lipidstoffwechselstörungen. Im Gegensatz zur amyotrophen Lateralsklerose, der wichtigsten Differentialdiagnose, ist die Lebenserwartung aufgrund sehr langsamer Progredienz kaum eingeschränkt. Die Erkrankung beruht auf einer Expansion des CAG-Repeats im Androgenrezeptorgen. Pathogenetisch wird u. a. eine gestörte Funktion des Androgenrezeptors als Transkriptionsfaktor in Nervenzellen diskutiert. Es existieren noch keine kausaltherapeutische Ansätze, jedoch sind zahlreiche palliativmedizinischen Maßnahmen zu bedenken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: X-Linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy ; Spinal muscular atrophy ; Motoneuron disease ; Androgen receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy is a motoneuron disorder to be distinguished from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Effective treatment is not known. Patients with X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy may show gynecomastia and testicular atrophy, and a mutation in the androgen receptor gene has been found associated with the disease. Intermediate steps leading from the androgen receptor abnormality to the clinical syndrome have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, binding of androgen ([3H]dihydrotestosterone) to its specific receptor by genital skin fibroblasts cultured from a patient with X-linked recessive bulbospinal neuronopathy and confirmed androgen receptor mutation was studied. Markedly decreased binding capacity was found. We treated the patient for 6 months with nandrolone-decanoate. No effect on his neuromuscular status was observed during 2 years of follow-up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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