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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Hypoxia ; Ischemia ; Acute phase proteins ; Cardiac arrest ; Infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Inflammation and hypoxia are frequently associated, but their interaction is poorly understood. In vitro studies have shown that hypoxia stimulates the genes of acute phase proteins (APP) and cytokines known to induce APP. We decided to determine kinetics and potential determinants of an acute phase response after cardiac arrest and to assess whether isolated moderate hypoxia can induce APP in humans in vivo. Design: Prospective, observational study in patients and human experiment. Setting: Tertiary care university hospital. Patients and participants: 22 patients after primarily successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 7 healthy volunteers. Interventions: None in patients; exposure of volunteers to simulated altitude (460 torr/6 h). Results: Following CPR, type-1 APP (C-reactive protein, α1-acidglycoprotein, serum amyloid A) and type-2 APP (haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin) increased consistently within 1–2 days and the ’negative' APP transferrin was downregulated. This APP response occurred irrespective of the cause of arrest, the estimated time of anoxia, clinical course or patient outcome and was not different in patients with and without infectious complications. Exposure of healthy volunteers to less severe but more prolonged hypoxia did not induce APP, although a time dependent increase of serum erythropoietin (EPO) was measurable under these conditions, indicating the activation of oxygen dependent gene expression. Conclusions: (i) A marked acute phase response occurs regularly after cardiac arrest, but within the complexity of this situation the severity of hypoxia is not a predominant determinant of this response. (ii) Despite in vitro evidence for similarities in the oxygen dependent regulation of APP and EPO production, the oxygen sensitivity of these proteins in vivo is different. (iii) Measurements of APP are not revealing regarding infectious complications in the early phase after CPR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 673-679 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Formaldehyd ; Anti-N-artige Antikörper ; Immunhämolyse ; Hämodialyse ; renale Anämie ; Formaldehyde ; Anti-N-like antibodies ; Immunohaemolysis ; Haemodialysis ; Renal anaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary During reuse of formaldehyde sterilized Kiil-dialysers, red cell survival, measured by means of51Cr t/2, was significantly reduced (p〈0.001) in 16 patients with anti-N-like positive sera, when compared with 19 antibody negative control patients (Mean±SD: 16.5±2.7 versus 22.4±3.1 days.) In antibody negative patients (n=10) replacement of form-aldehyde sterilized dialysers by ethylene-oxide sterilized disposable dialysers resulted in a significant increase (p〈0.002) of51Cr t/2 (Mean±SD, days: Kiil-dialyser 16.3±1.9; disposable dialyser 20.3±3.5). This improvement took place, although antibody titres persisted during the51Cr-measurements and declined thereafter only slowly. In antibody negative patients (n=6) red cell survival did not increase, when formaldehyde as a sterilant was avoided. In antibody positive patients mean haematocrit rose significantly (p〈0.05), whereas in none of the antibody negative patients a definite change of haematocrit occurred. The data demonstrate, that formaldehyde sterilisation of dialysers may cause antibody-mediated haemolysis contributing to the extent of renal anaemia. This immunohaemolysis may be corrected, in spite of continuing antibody persistance, when formaldehyde exposure is totally avoided, or possibly when minimized.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während der Wiederverwendung Formaldehyd-sterilisierter Kiil-Dialysatoren war die mit51Cr bestimmte Erythrocytenüberlebenszeit bei 16 Patienten mit Anti-N-artigen Antikörpern significant (p〈0,001) kürzer als bei 19 Antikörper-negativen Kontrollpatienten (MW±SD: 16,5±2,7 bzw. 22,4±3,1 Tage). Bei Antikörper-positiven Patienten (n=10) führte das Umsetzen von Formaldehyd-sterilisierten Kiil-Dialysatoren auf Ethylenoxid-sterilisierte Einmaldialysatoren vergleichbarer Effektivität zu einem sofortigen, signifikanten (p〈0,002) Anstieg der Erythrocytenüberlebenszeit (MW±SD: 16,3±1,9 Tage, Kiil-Dialysator; 20,3±3,5 Tage Einmaldialysator). Die Antikörper-Titer blieben während der Messung der Erythrocytenüberlebenszeit unverändert, danach fielen sie im Verlauf von Monaten langsam ab. Bei Antikörper-negativen Kontrollpatienten (n=6) führte das Umsetzen von Formaldehyd-sterilisierten Kiil-Dialysatoren auf die Ethylenoxid-sterilisierten Einmaldialysatoren nicht zum Anstieg der Erythrocytenüberlebenszeit. Bei den Antikörper-positiven Patienten stieg der mittlere Hämatokritwert nach dem Umsetzen signifikant (p〈0,05) an, dagegen kam es nach dem Umsetzen bei keinem der Antikörper-negativen Patienten zu einer gerichteten Veränderung der Hämatokritwerte. Die Untersuchungen belegen, daß die Formaldehyd-Sterilisation von Dialysatoren zu einer Antikörper-vermittelten Hämolyse führen kann, die zum Ausmaß der renalen Anämie dieser Patienten beiträgt. Diese Immunhämolyse kann, auch bei Persistenz der Anti-N-artigen Antikörper, zumindest teilweise verhindert werden, wenn eine weitere Formaldehyd-Exposition des Patienten vermieden wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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