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  • Antidepressant  (1)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential mechanisms in the acquisition and expression of heroin-induced place preference (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; Place preference ; Extinction ; Conditioning ; Naloxone ; Heroin ; Clonidine ; Pimozide ; Memory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract These experiments examined the neurochemical mechanisms involved in the development and expression of place conditioning produced by heroin. Conditioned place preferences (CPP) lasting up to 8 weeks were obtained with doses of 50–1000 μg/kg heroin, using a regimen shown not to produce physical dependence. Naloxone pretreatment (50 μg/kg) during conditioning prevented the acquisition of heroin-induced CPP, but when given only on the test day, naloxone (50 or 1000 μg/kg) did not prevent the expression of heroin CPP. Clonidine disrupted the establishment of heroin CPP at 20 μg/kg, but disrupted its expression only at debilitating doses (100 and 200 μg/kg). Pimozide attenuated the acquisition (100 μ/kg) and expression (250 μg/kg) of heroin CPP. Together, these results support a role for opioid and catecholamine systems in the acquisition of heroin reinforcement, but they suggest that once heroin CPP is established, its expression in opiate-free subjects is not opiate receptor mediated and is relatively refractory to pharmacological treatments which disrupt acquisition. The data challenge the notion that the conditioned effects of opiates in drug-free animals are related to the release of endogenous opioids, and they also may help to explain why naloxone and clonidine are ineffective in the treatment of opiate addiction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442007
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Buspirone, gepirone, ipsapirone, and zalospirone have distinct effects on the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s schedule when compared with 5-HTP and diazepam (1994)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 114 (1994), S. 39-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Arylpiperazine ; Serotonin1A ; Operant behavior ; Waiting capacity ; Antidepressant ; Anxiolytic ; Interresponse times
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of four serotonin (5-HT)-1A compounds (buspirone, gepirone, ipsapirone and zalospirone) were compared with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) [a 5-HT precursor with antidepressant (AD) efficacy], and diazepam (a benzodiazepine anxiolytic), on a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s (DRL 72-s) schedule. Past research has shown that AD and anxiolytic compounds each have distinct effects on the DRL 72-s interresponse time (IRT) distribution profile. In the present paper, the profile of the IRT distribution was quantitatively characterized by three metrics: burst ratio, peak location and peak area. 5-HTP shifted the IRT distribution peak toward longer IRT durations, increased reinforcement rate and decreased response rate. The profile of the IRT distribution was not disrupted by 5-HTP. Diazepam disrupted the IRT distribution and increased bursting. In general, the arylpiperazine, 5-HT1A compounds increased reinforcement rate, decreased response rate and disrupted the profile of the IRT distribution. The effects of the four arylpiperazine 5-HT1A compounds on the IRT distribution profile were different from the AD profile of 5-HTP and the benzodiazepine anxiolytic profile of diazepam. Disruption of the IRT distribution by buspirone, gepirone, ipsapirone and zalospirone may result from decreased 5-HT transmission mediated by the presynaptic, somatodendritic 5-HT1A receptor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245442
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