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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 92 (1987), S. 431-437 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Reserpine ; Desipramine ; Antidepressants ; Refractory depression ; MHPG ; HVA ; 5-HIAA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Early studies showed dramatic improvement in some depressed patients when a brief course of parenteral reserpine was added to ineffective tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) treatment. We treated eight patients with DSM-III melancholic major depression with desipramine (DMI)≥2.5 mg/kg/day (plasma levels〉125 ng/ml) for at least 4 weeks. All patients failed to respond and received reserpine 5 mg IM b.i.d. over 2 days, in seven cases as a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. One patient had dramatic resolution of depressive and psychotic symptoms within 48 h, but relapsed within 2 weeks; two other patients had transient hypomanic symptoms. Depression ratings did not significantly change for the sample as a whole, but plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) decreased and CSF levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) increased. Despite robust effects on central monoamine metabolism, reserpine augmentation appears insufficiently effective for routine use in managing refractory depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 39 (1997), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: fruit trees ; gender ; length of residence ; traditional practice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Tree holdings at homesteads and in homefields were investigated for two villages in Zimbabwe. Of the households, 90% owned at least one exotic tree. Trees were concentrated at homesteads and conserved indigenous trees tended to be edible fruit trees. Female heads of households (divorcees and widows) had fewer trees than households headed by men. Households with longer period of residence at a site had increased the proportion of indigenous fruit trees compared to non-fruit trees. Wealth status showed no relationship to tree holdings. The considerable tree planting and tree conservation activity around homesteads and in homefields has the effect of replacing non-fruit indigenous trees with exotic and indigenous fruit trees. Agroforestry research, extension and development should focus more on current practices, concentrate more on trees that farmers favour (such as fruit trees) and take into account differences among households.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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