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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 72 (1988), S. 173-183 
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Antiepileptic drugs ; action potentials ; sodium channels ; GABA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two actions of clinically used antiepileptic drugs have been studied using mouse neurons in primary dissociated cell culture. The antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproic acid were demonstrated to limit sustained high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials at free serum concentratons that are achieved in patients being treated for epilepsy. Furthermore, an active metabolite of carbamazepine also limited sustained high frequency repetitive firing while inactive metabolites of phenytoin and carbamazepine did not limit sustained high frequency repetitive firing. Phenobarbital and clinically used benzodiazepines limited sustained high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials, but only at concentrations achieved during the treatment of generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus. Ethosuximide did not limit sustained high frequency repetitive firing even at concentrations four times those achieved in the serum of patients treated for generalized absence seizures. Phenobarbital and clinically used benzodiazepines enhanced postsynaptic GABA responses at concentrations achieved free in the serum during treatment of generalized tonic-clonic or generalized absence seizures. However, phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid and ethosuximide did not modify postsynaptic GABA responses at therapeutic free serum concentrations. These results suggest that the ability of antiepileptic drugs to block generalized tonicclonic seizures and generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus may be related to their ability to block high frequency repetitive firing of neurons. The mechanism underlying blockade of myoclonic seizures may be related to the ability of antiepileptic drugs to enhance GABAergic synaptic transmission. The mechanism underlying management of generalized absence seizures remains unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20R ; 34.50 ; 34.70 ; 79.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Transient adsorption or skipping motion of silicon ions scattered under specular conditions from a Cu(111) surface is reported. The phenomena is identified on the basis of the observation of discrete energy loss peaks in the scattered positive and negative ion kinetic energy distributions, together with their behaviour upon variation of the crystal azimuth, incidence angle of the beam to the surface, and scattering angular distributions. Up to five reflections in a binding potential were seen. We propose that the beam is trapped following an energy loss, by electron-hole pair or plasmon excitation, which exceeds the incident beam energy component normal to the surface. The results lend strong support to the thesis that ion beam techniques can probe the family of potential surfaces upon which adsorption and reaction, at thermal energies, proceed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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