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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytidine deaminase – the methodological relevance of AraC deamination for ex vivo experiments using cultured cell lines, fresh leukemic blasts, and normal bone marrow cells (1999)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 78 (1999), S. 514-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Cytidine deaminase ; AraC ; AML ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The clinical effects of cytosine arabinoside (AraC) are highly dependent on schedule and dose. Many regimens administered to patients are derived from artificial model systems involving permanent leukemic cell lines. The differences in pharmacokinetics between the in vivo situation and such cell lines are largely neglected. However, cytidine deaminase activity in particular has a major impact on AraC pharmacokinetics by degrading AraC to its inactive metabolite AraU, and it has been shown to be of prognostic relevance in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. This study therefore investigated cytidine deaminase activities and AraC deamination in a variety of the most commonly used leukemic cell lines and fresh blasts and their impact on the results of an in vitro model system. It was found that cells from different cell lines (BLIN, CEM, HL60, K562, RAJI, REH, U937) vary greatly in cytidine deaminase activity (e.g., 1.89 nmol per min/mg in K562 versus 0.01 in BLIN cells) and degrade between 18.5 (BLIN) and 96.5% (REH) of AraC to AraU in the incubation medium. This degradation results in highly different AraC exposures for different cells (e.g., AUC of 960 ng per h/ml in REH versus 4048 ng per h/ml in BLIN cells) in spite of identical starting concentrations of the drug. Formation of AraCTP as the main cytotoxic metabolite of AraC is significantly influenced by the differences in cell type-dependent cytidine deaminase activity (e.g., 35.6 ng/107 cells in REH versus 180.2 ng/107 cells in BLIN cells). In contrast to permanent cell lines, fresh leukemic blasts and normal bone marrow mononuclear cells featured low AraC degradation in the model system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050548
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response to cytarabine ocfosfate (YNK01) in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia refractory to treatment with chlorambucil/prednisone, fludarabine, and prednimustine/mitoxantrone (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of hematology 73 (1996), S. 201-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Cytarabine ocfosfate ; AraC ; CLL ; Pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Cytarabine ocfosfate (YNK01) is a novel orally applicable prodrug of cytosine arabinoside. Recent pharmacokinetic studies have revealed a prolonged release of the cytotoxic agent cytosine arabinoside (araC) from hepatocytes into the systemic circulation, resulting in a half-life of approximately 24 h for araC. The specific pharmacokinetic characteristics of cytarabine ocfosfate lead to a prolonged exposure of leukemic cells to this antineoplastic agent during the 14-day cycle. The oral applicability during outpatient treatment and the sustained antineoplastic activity of araC against slowly proliferating leukemic B-cells suggest that cytarabine ocfosfate might be a useful drug in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Four years after diagnosis of B-CLL, a 50-year-old patient was started on cytarabine ocfosfate. Sequentially, the patient's disease had proved refractory to treatment with chlorambucil/prednisone (31 months), fludarabine (5 months), and prednimustine/mitoxantrone (3 months). These established regimens were discontinued because of increasing lymphocytosis, significant thrombocytopenia, and progressive B-symptoms. Following three cycles of cytarabine ocfosfate B-symptoms resolved, lymphadenopathy disappeared, and thrombocytopenia was significantly reduced. The patient has been free of these symptoms on a dosage of 1500 mg cytarabine ocfosfate/day (cycle of 14 days with intervals of 14–21 days) for 24 months and remains in an ongoing partial remission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002770050229
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specificity of routine parasite serological tests in autoimmune disorders, neoplastic disease, EBV-induced mononucleosis, and HIV infection (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 898-905 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Parasitological serodiagnosis ; Specificity ; Autoimmune disorders ; Neoplasms ; HIV infection ; AIDS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sera from 120 patients with rheumatological disorders, neoplastic disease, infectious mononucleosis, and HIV infection, and from 30 healthy blood donors were tested for nonspecific reactivity in 13 routinely used parasite serological tests. Responses were detected in 3/30 healthy blood donors (10%) vs 25/120 patients (21%). Of 40 responses in these 28 responders most were weakly reactive, and 25 out of 40 responses were only at borderline level. Response rates were highest in patients with mononucleosis presumably due to heterophile antibodies. Only four patients had responses in at least two different serodiagnostic tests for the same parasitic infection. Response patterns indicative of a possible underlying, concurring, or superimposed parasitic infection, thus, were rare. Especially susceptible to nonspecific reactivity seemed to be immunofluorescent antibody tests for filariasis, schistosomiasis, and amebiasis. In conclusion, compared to healthy controls, false-positive serological responses seem to be more frequent in certain disease groups dependent on the test methods used. Second, the use of more than one serodiagnostic test for the same parasitic disease will substantially facilitate the identification of nonspecific reactivity. Third, for better defining the specificity of parasitological serodiagnosis, more studies should include control sera from patients with nonparasitic diseases that frequently show immunological abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01745500
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die konstitutionelle Exaktheit in der makromolekularen Chemie (1959)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 71 (1959), S. 585-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die makromolekulare Chemie hat die konstitutionelle Exaktheit und den hohen Stand der niedermolekularen organischen Chemie noch nicht erreicht, doch geht die Entwicklung in diese Richtung. Makromoleküle einheitlicher Größe (Molgewicht ∼ 4000) und definierter, insbesondere gestreckter Gestalt (8 in p-Stellung verknüpfte Benzolringe, entsprechend 32 Atomen in einer Kette) wurden hergestellt und höhermolekulare werden angestrebt; Fragen der Konstellation können an solchen Molekülen untersucht werden. Die Synthese neuer makromolekularer Stoffe, insbesondere mit reaktiven Gruppen, ist zur Ausweitung der makromolekularen Chemie notwendig.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19590711902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über den mit Säuren katalysierten Abbau von Poly-3,4-acrolein (1966)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 613-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19660781156
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Makrozwitterionen (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 86 (1974), S. 451-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19740861221
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Qualitative Organic Analysis and Scientific Method von A. McGookin. Verlag Chapman and Hall, Ltd., London, 1955. 1. Aufl., VII, 155 S., geb. 15 s (1956)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 68 (1956), S. 719-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19560682226
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthetische makromolekulare Stoffe mit reaktiven Gruppen (1957)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 69 (1957), S. 153-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über Synthese, Eigenschaften und Reaktionen einiger makromolekularer Stoffe mit reaktiven Gruppen berichtet, und zwar über Derivate der Polyacrylsäure (Polyacrylsäure-hydrazid, Polyacrylhydroxamsäure, Polyacrylsäureamid), des Polyvinylalkohols, über Polyacrolein und Polymethacrolein, Polyvinylsulfonsäure und ihre Derivate sowie über Copolymere aus Styrol und Maleinsäureanhydrid. An den reaktiven Gruppen dieser polymeren Stoffe werden chemische Reaktionen ausgeführt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß unter Bedingungen, die dem makromolekularen Bau des Reaktionspartners angepaßt sind, eine Reihe von Reaktionen, die aus der niedermolekularen Chemie gut bekannt sind, auf solche Polymere übertragen werden können. Dadurch werden neue makromolekulare Stoffe zugänglich, die durch Polymerisation oder Polykondensation nicht zu erhalten sind.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19570690502
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Chemie der Kunststoffe, von K. Hamann, Sammlung Göschen. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1960. 1. Aufl., 143 S., DM 3.60 (1962)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 74 (1962), S. 260-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19620740735
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Entwicklung der makromolekularen Chemie. H. Staudinger zum 70. Geburtstag (1951)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 63 (1951), S. 229-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: H. Staudinger, geboren am 23. März 1881 in Worms/Rh. feierte vor kurzem seinen 70. Geburtstag. Er habilitierte sich 1907 in Straßburg bei Thiele und wurde im gleichen Jahr a. o. Professor für organische Chemie an der Technischen Hochschule in Karlsruhe. 1912-1926 war er ordentlicher Professor für Chemie an der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule in Zürich und ab 1926 in gleicher Eigenschaft an der Universität Freiburg/Br. H. Staudinger befaßte sich zuerst mit verschiedenen Stoffklassen und Problemen der organischen Chemie, insbesondere mit den von ihm entdeckten Ketenen. Seine Lebensarbeit widmete er aber der Chemie der Makromolekeln, die er vor mehr als 30 Jahren begründete und als deren markantester Vertreter er gilt. Etwa 500 Publikationen, davon allein etwa 100 über Cellulose, 60 über Kautschuk und Isopren, sind ein beredetes Zeugnis seiner unermüdlichen Schaffenskraft. Zahlreiche Ehrungen wurden ihm zuteil, von denen neben der Mitgliedschaft in vielen in- und ausländischen wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften die Verleihung der Emil Fischer-Gedenkmünze des Vereins Deutscher Chemiker, der Leblanc-Gedenkmünze der französischen chemischen Gesellschaft, der Kautschukplakette, des Cannizzaro-Preises, der goldenen Ehrennadel des Vereins finnischer Chemiker und der Mitscherlich-Medaille genannt seien. H. Staudinger ist Ehrendoktor der Technischen Hochschule Karlsruhe und der Universität Mainz. Er gibt die von ihm begründete Zeitschrift „Die makromolekulare Chemie“ heraus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19510631002
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