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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 61 (1982), S. 305-314 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; Karyomorphology ; D2 analysis and genetic distance ; Evolution ; Crop improvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The chromosome complements of 12 taxa in section Arachis were karyotypically and meiotically analysed. In taxa with 2n=20 the arm ratio of the respective pair of chromosomes was taken as an independent quantitative character and statistically analysed by Mahalanobis D2. Two clusters were formed, one represented solely by A. batizocoi and the other consisting of the remaining 11 taxa. This grouping was confirmed by canonical analysis. In the larger group of species, A villosa and A. correntina were closely related karyotypically and on D2 distance, while A. cardenasii forms a distinct subgroup. A. cardenasii lacks the short “A” chromosome recorded in other species of this group, and A. batizocoi is no longer the only species to have a pair of chromosomes with a secondary constriction. The taxa with 2n=40, A. monticola and A. hypogaea, are karyotypically very similar, though there is a difference in the number of chromosome pairs with a secondary constriction. On the basis of karyomorphological affinity, especially in relation to marker chromosomes, A. cardenasii is probably one of the ancestors of the tetraploid species studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 433-439 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; Amphidiploids ; Genomes ; Chromosome pairing ; Recombinations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Synthetic amphidiploids were established in 32 combinations involving 8 diploid wild species representing both A and B genomes of section Arachis. Bivalent and multivalent associations in the amphidiploids of 7 A genome species confirm that these species have identical genomes. Contrastingly, high bivalent frequencies in amphidiploids involving the A and B genome species suggest that A. batizocoi has a distinct ‘B’ genome that is partially homologous to the other genome ‘A’ represented in the rest of the species. Crossability, chromosome pairing and pollen and pod fertility in hybrids between A. hypogaea and amphidiploids have revealed that these amphidiploids can be used as a genetic bridge for the transfer of genes from the wild species into the cultivated groundnut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 72 (1986), S. 164-169 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; Autotetraploid ; Chromosome pairing ; Genomic relationships ; Recombinations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Autotetraploids were established from 8 diploid wild species of section Arachis. In all the autotetraploids the chromosomes paired largely as bivalents even though they possess the ability to pair as multivalents. Pollen and pod fertility in the C1 generation were not directly associated with chromosome pairing. The C2 generation autotetraploids showed a gradual increase in bivalent associations and pollen and pod fertility. The identification of two genomes, A and B, in the diploid species and in the tetraploid, A. hypogaea, of the section Arachis, a fairly good crossability, and the type of chromosome associations observed in hybrids between A. hypogaea and the autotetraploids of wild Arachis species indicated good prospects of utilizing autotetraploids as genetic bridges in transferring desired traits from these taxa into groundnut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 593-597 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; SDS-PAGE electrophoresis ; Protein-profile ; Homology ; Statistical-distance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Seed protein profiles of nine diploid species (2n = 20), ten tetraploid accessions, two synthetic amphidiploids and two autotetraploids (2n = 40) were studied using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While the general profiles suggested considerable homology among these taxa in spite of speciation and ploidy differences, appreciable genetic differences were present to support the existing genomic divisions and sub-divisions in the section Arachis. A high degree of relationship was indicated between the two diploid species (A. duranensis containing the A genome and A. batizocoi (ICG 8210) containing the B genome) and tetraploids A. monticola/ A. hypogaea (2n = 40) containing AABB genome. Similar relationships were recorded between the AABB synthetic amphidiploid and the profile obtained from the mixture of protein of A. duranensis and A. batizocoi, suggesting that these two diploid species were the donors of the A and B genome, respectively, to tetraploid A. monticola/A. hypogaea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 355-364 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Arachis ; Crossability ; Chromosome pairing ; Pollen fertility ; Genomes ; Phylogenetic relationship ; Cluster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cross-compatibility of species in section Arachis Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., and chromosome pairing and pollen fertility in their interspecific F1 hybrids were studied to further understand the phylogenetic relationships among these species. Except those with A. batizocoi Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., hybrids between diploid species have near normal bivalent frequency (9.1–9.8) and moderate to high pollen fertility (60–91%). Hybrids between A. batizocoi and other species have low bivalent frequency (5.2–6.9) and very low pollen fertility (3–7%). These results confirm the earlier separation of these species into two groups based on karyomorphology and Mahalanobis D2 calculated on arm ratios. These studies also provide a picture of relative affinities between A. batizocoi, the lone member of one cluster, and the other species, and among the rest of the species. They also indicate that the basic chromosome complement in the two groups of species is the same. Chromosome pairing in triploid hybrids, (A. hypogaea L. X diploid wild species), suggests that A. batizocoi is the closest diploid relative of A. hypogaea. It is closer to A. hypogaea subspecies fastigiata Waldron than to A. hypogaea subspecies hypogaea Krap. et. Rig. Other diploid species of the section Arachis are equidistant from A. hypogaea, and have the same genome which has strong homology to one of the genomes of A. hypogaea. Based on the present results, the two tetraploid species, A. monticola Krap. et Rig. and A. hypogaea can be recognised as two forms of the same species. Breeding implications have been discussed in the light of chromosome behaviour observed in hybrids of A. hypogaea X diploid species, and on the presumptions that A. hypogaea has an AABB genomic constitution, and that among the diploid species, the ‘B’ genome is present in A. batizocoi while the ‘A’ genome is common to the other diploid species of section Arachis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Euphytica 74 (1993), S. 219-225 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Arachis ; electrophoretic bands ; protein profile ; homologies ; percentage of similarity ; phylogenetic relationships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Seed protein profiles of 19 accessions representing seven sections of the genus Arachis were studied using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The general profile showed appreciable homology between these taxa, supporting their classification based on morphology and cross-compatibility relationships. The accessions of section Arachis expressed a high variation confirming inferences from earlier studies. Variation between accessions of a species is limited. Accessions of the section Ambinervosae and Caulorhizae formed one cluster and accessions of sect. Erectoides and Procumbensae formed another. Whereas the representative accessions of sect. Triseminalae and Extranervosae formed two independent clusters. Using the percentage of dissimilarity in electrophoretic bands as a statistical genetic distance between accessions, sect. Arachis (containing the cultivated groundnut, A. hypogaea) is phylogenetically closest to sect. Erectoides followed by Procumbensae, Ambinervosae, Caulorhizae, Triseminalae and Extranervosae, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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