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Renal histopathology in fatal cases of diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (1997)

Inward, Carol D. ; Howie, Alec J. ; Fitzpatrick, Margaret M. ; [et al.]

Springer

Pediatric nephrology 11 (1997), S. 556-559

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ISSN: 1432-198X

Keywords: Key words: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome ; Glomerular thrombosis ; Arteriolar thromboses ; Neutrophils

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract. Autopsy material was examined from British children dying early in the course of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). These presented after 1983, the period in which verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) infection was confirmed as the leading cause of diarrhoea-associated (D+HUS) in the United Kingdom. Of 18 cases referred for this study, 3 were found on review to have no history of a diarrhoeal prodrome (D-HUS). In the D+ patients, the median duration from onset of diarrhoea to death was 8 days (range 4–42 days). VTEC infection was confirmed in 6 cases. All had neutrophilia at presentation (median 21, range 15–49.8 × 109/l). The 15 cases had uniform pathological features, consisting of glomerular thromboses and congested rather than ischaemic glomeruli. Arteriolar thromboses were common at the hilum of glomeruli and were sometimes also seen proximally, including in interlobular arteries. There were cortical infarcts in 5 cases with extensive thrombosis. Cases were demonstrated to have significantly greater numbers of neutrophils expressed per 100 glomeruli than controls, when counted using immunohistological stains to neutrophil elastase and CD15. This study showed uniformity of the renal changes in D+ HUS and gave further evidence of the importance of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050337

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Stable and time-dissipative finite element methods for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in advection dominated flows (1995)

Simo, J. C. ; Armero, F. ; Taylor, C. A.

Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 1475-1506

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ISSN: 0029-5981

Keywords: finite elements ; incompressible Navier-Stokes ; upwinding schemes ; Engineering ; Engineering General

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Mathematics , Technology

Notes: This paper examines a new Galerkin method with scaled bubble functions which replicates the exact artificial diffusion methods in the case of 1-D scalar advection-diffusion and that leads to non-oscillatory solutions as the streamline upwinding algorithms for 2-D scalar advection-diffusion and incompressible Navier-Stokes. This method retains the satisfaction of the Babuska-Brezzi condition and, thus, leads to optimal performance in the incompressible limit. This method, when, combined with the recently proposed linear unconditionally stable algorithms of Simo and Armero (1993), yields a method for solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations ideal for either diffusive or advection-dominated flows. Examples from scalar advection-diffusion and the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are presented.

Additional Material: 24 Ill.