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Nicotine addiction: a re-analysis of the arguments (1992)

West, Robert

Springer

Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 408-410

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ISSN: 1432-2072

Schlagwort(e): Smoking ; Nicotine ; Dependence ; Addiction

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Abstract This paper evaluates the arguments put forward by Robinson and Pritchard (R&P, this volume) that the conclusions of the US Surgeon General (USDHHS 1988) that nicotine is addictive were ill founded. R&P state that nicotine does not cause intoxication, that many smokers do not exhibit compulsive use, that nicotine is not a euphoriant, that nicotine is a weak reinforcer in other species, that non-pharmacological aspects of smoking are important and that negative affect control accounts for more of the variance in questionnaire measures of smoking motives than does habit. This paper points out that intoxication and a euphoriant effect are not normally considered to be central to dependence potential, that no addictive drug results in compulsive use in all users in all situations, that animals do reliably self-administer nicotine, that evidence concerning the apparent importance of non-pharmacological components of smoking do not diminish the importance of pharmacological aspects and that “variance accounted for” of self-report measures of smoking motivation do not bear on the issue of the importance of those motives. The paper concludes with a summary of the essence of the argument that cigarettes are addictive and that nicotine is the primary focus of that addiction.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247413

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Digitale Medien

Synthetic and Structural Studies of 1-Sila-2,5-diaryltetrazenes (1997)

Frenzel, Andrea ; Buffy, Jarrod J. ; Powell, Douglas R. ; [weitere]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1579-1583

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ISSN: 0009-2940

Schlagwort(e): Silatetrazenes ; Nitrogen-silicon ring systems ; Bissilylamines ; Silicon-29 solid state NMR ; Aryl azides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The reaction between aryl azides and lithiated aryl amines leads to tetrazenes 3 and 9 which contain a chain of four nitrogen atoms. Reaction with different halosilanes gives the cyclic silatetrazenes 10, 12, and 15 where substitutents on the silicon vary form alkyl to hydrogen and chlorine atoms. The structures of 10, 12, and 15 in the solid state are reported. Variation of the solvent and the Lewis acidity of the halosilane influence the ratio of silatetrazene to side products, bissilyated amines. These effects are studied for different halosilanes.

Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.